Awakening environmental awareness and a corresponding tightening of environmental regulations in the industrialized world in the 1970s and 1980s led to increasing public resistance to the dumping of hazardous wastes – and to an escalation of disposal costs. This in turn led some operators to seek cheap disposal options for hazardous wastes in the developing world. It was against this background...

SDG 14 aims to "Conserve and sustainable use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development." The Goal provides a unifying framework for all the interventions we need to make to conserve and continue using the many resources the ocean provides. This course outlines international environmental law's (IEL) contribution towards achieving SDG 14 by examining how, alongside UNCLOS...

This Course will introduce you to the Mediterranean Action Plan and the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols. It will provide you with an overall overview of how the 22 Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention take action to protect the marine environment and the coastal region of the Mediterranean, thus contributing to the vison of a healthy Mediterranean, sustainable managed and...

This course begins with an introduction to marine litter and plastic pollution, including the key facts and figures, the main sources and impacts (including on human rights) and some of the applicable environmental law principles. It then outlines the relevant legal and policy frameworks at the global and regional levels, before analyzing the main regulatory approaches taken at the country level.