The five statistical policy markers exist to monitor external development finance for environmental purposes within the OECD/DAC, these are: The 'Environment' marker (introduced in 1992), and four Rio markers covering: Biodiversity (introduced in 1998), Climate Change Adaptation (introduced in 2010), Climate Change Mitigation (introduced in 1998), and Desertification (introduced in 1998). The Rio markers are applicable to Official Development Assistance (ODA) and recently also to other official flows (OOF) (non-concessional developmental flows, excluding export credits) starting from 2010. (Source: www.oecd.org/dac/dac-glossary.htm)