Forests have played a central role in Liberia’s recent history. In the late 1980s, Liberia dissolved into a civil war. While the exploitation of forest resources was not the explicit cause of civil war, it helped prolong it by financing participants in the conflict. As the war proceeded, accountability in the timber industry deteriorated. Records—including for financial transactions between the...

Thorn bought used household electrical goods such as refrigerators and computers for re-sale. These items had been taken by a company called Wincanton from retailers who had supplied a replacement product to consumers and had contracted to take the used appliance away. Thorn would attend Wincanton’s warehouse and inspect the used appliances which were offered for sale. If it was satisfied that an...

<p>This case dealt with the question whether frequent environmental audits conducted by an administrative authority restricted the freedom of business of the company concerned in an excessive way. The complainant was a corporation manufacturing and selling construction materials by recycling industrial waste. The supervising authorities of the complainant conducted an environmental audit over the...</p>

Greek lignite reserves amount to approximately 4 million tonnes of which about half can be exploited by DEI, the Greek Public Power Company. No such rights have been assigned for the remaining 50% of the lignite reserves, and DEI operates all power plants in Greece that use lignite. The Commission found the exclusive rights for lignite contrary to Article 106(1) in connection with 102 TFEU. The...

These have been two judicial review applications heard together, brought against the Environment Agency. In both applications there arose a common issue, namely in what circumstances does material, which has become waste or derives from waste, cease to be waste if it is to be burnt as fuel: and, in particular, whether it can cease to be waste when a prior process is carried out for the purpose of...