Table of Contents

  6. Annex 1
  7. Annex 2
  8. Annex 3

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15 Jul, 2024
15 Jul, 2024 18 Aug, 2021

This is the version of this document as it was from 18 August 2021 to 14 July 2024.

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Germany

Federal Climate Protection Act (KSG)

  • Published in Federal Law Gazette
  • Commenced on 12 December 2019
  • [This is the version of this document as it was at 18 August 2021.]

Part 1 – General provisions

1. Purpose of the Act

The purpose of this Act is to provide protection from the effects of worldwide climate change by ensuring achievement of the national climate targets and compliance with the European targets. The ecological, social and economic impacts shall be taken into consideration. The basis of the Act is the obligation according to the Paris Agreement, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to limit the increase in the global average temperature to well below two degrees Celsius and, if possible, to 1.5 degrees Celsius, above the pre-industrial level so as to minimise the effects of worldwide climate change.

2. Definitions

For the purposes of this Act:1.“greenhouse gases” shall mean carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) as well as the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) listed in Annex V, Part 2 of the European Governance Regulation, as amended;2.“greenhouse gas emissions” shall mean the anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent being one tonne of carbon dioxide or the volume of another greenhouse gas corresponding in its atmospheric warming potential to one tonne of carbon dioxide; that potential is determined by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 666/2014 of 12 March 2014 establishing substantive requirements for a Union inventory system and taking into account changes in the global warming potentials and internationally agreed inventory guidelines pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 179 of 19 June 2014, p. 26) or by a supplementary act adopted under Article 26(6)(b) of the European Governance Regulation;3.“European Governance Regulation” shall mean Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328 of 21 December 2018, p. 1), as amended by Decision (EU) 2019/504 (OJ L 85 I of 27 March 2019, p. 66);4.“European Effort Sharing Regulation” shall mean Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 (OJ L 156 of 19 June 2018, p. 26);5.“European Monitoring Mechanism Implementing Regulation” shall mean Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014 of 30 June 2014 on structure, format, submission processes and review of information reported by Member States pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 203 of 11 July 2014, p. 23);6.“Paris Agreement” shall mean the Agreement of 12 December 2015 signed by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and ratified by the Act of 28 September 2016 (Federal Law Gazette 2016 II, pp. 1082-1083);7.“Climate Action Plan” shall mean the German long-term strategy adopted pursuant to the Paris Agreement and to Article 15 of the European Governance Regulation;8.“land use, land-use change and forestry” shall mean the sector of land use, land-use change and forestry defined in Annex 1, point 7; Section 3 subsection (1) and sections 4, 7 and 8 of this Act shall not be applied to that sector;9.“net greenhouse gas neutrality” shall mean an equilibrium between the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases from sources and the reduction in the volume of such gases by means of sinks.

Part 2. Climate targets and annual emission budgets

3. National climate targets

(1)Emissions of greenhouse gases shall be gradually reduced in comparison with their levels in the year 1990 as follows:
1.by at least 65 percent by the year 2030,
2.by at least 88 percent by the year 2040.
(2)By the year 2045, greenhouse gas emissions shall be reduced to the point of net greenhouse gas neutrality. After the year 2050, negative greenhouse gas emissions are to be achieved.
(3)The above shall apply without prejudice to the possibility of achieving national climate targets by using intergovernmental mechanisms to achieve part of the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
(4)Should higher national climate targets become necessary for compliance with European or international climate targets, the Federal Government shall initiate the steps required to increase the target values referred to in subsection (1) above. Climate targets may be raised but not lowered.

3a. Contribution of the land use, land-use change and forestry sector

(1)The contribution of the land use, land-use change and forestry sector to climate change mitigation is to be increased. The mean of the annual emissions balances of the respective target year and the three preceding calendar years for the land use, land-use change and forestry sector is to be improved as follows:
1.to at least minus 25 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by the year 2030,
2.to at least minus 35 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by the year 2040,
3.to at least minus 40 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by the year 2045.
The basis of the emissions balances shall be the data referred to in section 5 subsection (2) number 3 of this Act.
(2)Responsibility for ensuring compliance with the targets specified in subsection (1) above shall lie with the federal ministry whose remit gives it primary competence for the land use, land-use change and forestry sector. The ministry shall have the task of presenting and implementing the national measures required for compliance with the targets set out in subsection (1). The third and fourth sentences of section 4 subsection (4) of this Act shall apply mutatis mutandis.
(3)The Federal Government shall be authorised to enact statutory instruments not requiring the consent of the Bundestag in order to
1.establish accounting rules in accordance with the requirements of European Union legislation,
2.establish rules governing how natural disturbances are treated and accounted for,
3.adopt more detailed provisions on the methods and basis to be used for comprehensive reporting on greenhouse gas emissions and removals of carbon dioxide in the land use, land-use change and forestry sector, particularly in creating the annual emissions balances referred to in subsection (1) above,
4.adopt more detailed provisions on the collection, use and evaluation of data gathered by remote sensing, particularly by means of satellite-based systems, for greenhouse gas reporting for the land use, land-use change and forestry sector.

4. Permissible annual emission budgets and annual mitigation targets, authority to enact statutory instruments

(1)To achieve the national climate targets referred to in section 3 subsection (1) of this Act, annual mitigation targets shall be set by stipulating annual emission budgets for the following sectors:
1.energy,
2.industry,
3.transport,
4.buildings,
5.agriculture,
6.waste and others.
The emission sources of the individual sectors and the division of sectors are indicated in Annex 1. The annual emission budgets for the period up to the year 2030 are laid down in Annex 2. In the energy sector, greenhouse gas emissions shall be reduced as steadily as possible between the stated annual emission budgets. The Federal Government shall review the permissible annual emission budgets set in Annex 2 in the light of possible changes to the European Effort Sharing Regulation and the European Emissions Trading Directive in implementation of the raised European Union climate target for 2030 and shall present a legislative proposal to adapt the permissible annual emission budgets in Annex 2 no later than six months after their entry into force, if this appears necessary. The annual mitigation targets for the years 2031 to 2040 are laid down in Annex 3. In the year 2032 at the latest, the Federal Government shall present a legislative proposal to set the annual mitigation targets for the years 2041 to 2045. The breakdown of the annual mitigation targets into permissible annual emission budgets for the individual sectors for the years 2031 to 2045 shall be accomplished by means of a statutory instrument in accordance with subsection (6) below. The annual emission budgets and annual mitigation targets, when referred to by this Act, shall be binding. Subjective rights and actionable legal positions are not established by or on the basis of this Act.
(2)The Federal Government shall be authorised to enact statutory instruments not requiring the consent of the Bundesrat to alter the allocation of emission sources to the sectors listed in Annex 1 in so far as this is necessary to ensure uniform international reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and does not conflict with requirements of European Union legislation.
(3)If, from the year 2021, greenhouse gas emissions are above or below the relevant permissible annual sectoral emission budgets, the differential shall be subtracted from or added to the residual annual sectoral emission budget in equal instalments until the next target year referred to in section 3 subsection (1) of this Act. The foregoing shall be without prejudice to the requirements of the European Effort Sharing Regulation.
(4)Responsibility for ensuring compliance with annual emission budgets shall lie with the federal ministry whose remit gives it primary competence for the sector in question. It shall have the task of initiating the national measures required for such compliance and in particular of presenting and implementing the measures referred to in sections 8 and 9 of this Act. The foregoing shall be without prejudice to the distribution of responsibilities within the Federal Government. In the event of overlaps between the remits of individual federal ministries within the meaning of the first sentence above, particularly with regard to climate action programmes under section 9, the Federal Government may assign the responsibility referred to in the first sentence above.
(5)The Federal Government shall be authorised to enact statutory instruments not requiring the consent of the Bundesrat to alter the allocation of annual emission budgets to the sectors listed in Annex 2 to this Act with effect from the start of the next calendar year. Such alterations must be consistent with the achievement of the climate targets of this Act and with the requirements of European Union legislation. The statutory instrument shall require the consent of the Bundestag. If the Bundestag has not considered the statutory instrument by the time three sitting weeks have elapsed since the date of receipt, it shall be deemed to have given its consent to the unamended statutory instrument.
(6)By means of a statutory instrument, the Federal Government shall set the permissible annual emission budgets for the individual sectors, decreasing annually in basically regular increments, in 2024 for the years 2031 to 2040 and in 2034 for the years 2041 to 2045. These annual emission budgets must be consistent with the achievement of the national climate targets of this Act, with the annual mitigation targets referred to in the sixth and seventh sentences of subsection (1) above and with the requirements of European Union legislation. In this context, it shall be assured that significant reductions in greenhouse gases are achieved in each sector. The permissible annual emission budgets shall apply unless a divergent provision is made on the basis of section 4 subsection (7) below. Statutory instruments enacted under the first sentence above shall require the consent of the Bundestag. If the Bundestag has not considered the statutory instrument by the time six sitting weeks have elapsed since the date of receipt, it shall be deemed to have given its consent to the unamended statutory instrument.
(7)The Federal Government shall present a report to the Bundestag in 2028 on the state of progress and further development of carbon pricing within the European Union and on technological developments. In the report, the Federal Government shall also examine whether the allocation of permissible annual emission budgets to individual sectors can be dispensed with from 2031 onwards in light of those developments. In that event, the Federal Government shall present a corresponding legislative proposal.

5. Emissions data, authority to enact statutory instruments

(1)The Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) shall compile the data on greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors listed in Annex 1 to this Act (emissions data) for the preceding calendar year (reporting year), beginning with the 2020 reporting year, on the basis of the methodological requirements of the European Monitoring Mechanism Implementing Regulation or on the basis of a supplementary act adopted under Article 26 of the European Governance Regulation. The Federal Environment Agency shall publish the emissions data for the reporting year and transmit them to the Council of Experts on Climate Change referred to in section 10 of this Act by 15 March of each year.
(2)From the 2021 reporting year, the following shall be communicated in addition to the emissions data:
1.for the reporting year in question, an indication for each sector as to whether the emissions data are higher or lower than the annual emission budgets listed in Annex 2 to this Act,
2.for the years following the reporting year, the annual sectoral emission budgets referred to in section 4 subsection (3) of this Act,
3.for the land use, land-use change and forestry sector, additionally, the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases,
4.an appendix showing previous years’ emissions data transmitted to the European Commission from the 2020 reporting year onwards, the emissions data for the sectors subject to the European Effort Sharing Regulation being posted separately.
(3)The Federal Environment Agency may collect the data required for the performance of the tasks pursuant to subsections (1) and (2). The collection of data belonging to natural or legal persons subject to private or public law and to associations of such persons shall be excluded if those data have been or will be communicated to federal or Länder authorities on the basis of other legal provisions. The Federal Environment Agency shall, however, be authorised to access these data if their collection is necessary for the performance of the tasks defined in subsection (1) above. This shall apply even if the data were collected for other purposes.
(4)The Federal Government may, by means of a statutory instrument not requiring the consent of the Bundesrat:
1.assign responsibility for determining and communicating the data,
2.stipulate which data are to be determined and communicated,
3.lay down requirements for the determination and communication of the data, and
4.regulate the procedure for the determination and communication of the data.

6. Provisions governing fines

(1)A regulatory offence is committed by anyone who intentionally or negligently infringes a statutory instrument within the meaning of section 5 subsection (4) of this Act or an enforceable order enacted on the basis of such a statutory instrument in so far as the statutory instrument refers, in respect of a particular offence, to this provision governing fines.
(2)The regulatory offence is punishable with a fine of up to fifty thousand euros.

7. Provisions implementing the European Effort Sharing Regulation

(1)The purchase of emission allocations for the fulfilment of obligations under the European Effort Sharing Regulation shall be effected centrally through the federal ministry responsible for the implementation of the said Regulation, subject to the resources available in the federal budget. When emission allocations are purchased, the federal ministry referred to in the first sentence above shall ensure that the selling state gives an undertaking to use the revenues to combat climate change.
(2)The Federal Government shall present the Bundestag and Bundesrat with a statistical overview accompanying the draft federal budget; in particular, the overview shall contain the following:
1.an overview of whether emissions complied with, exceeded or fell short of the annual sectoral emission budgets listed in Annex 2 in the preceding calendar year and since the year 2021,
2.an overview of the emission allocations available under the European Effort Sharing Regulation in the relevant budget year, and
3.the number of purchased emission allocations in the preceding calendar year and the total number of emission allocations purchased since the year 2021.
In addition, a summary of the budgetary funds spent on such purchases shall be attached.

8. Immediate action programme in the event of annual emission budgets being exceeded

(1)If the emissions data referred to in section 5 subsections (1) and (2) of this Act indicate that the permissible annual emission budget for a sector has been exceeded in a reporting year, the responsible federal government ministry defined in section 4 subsection (4) shall, within three months following the presentation of the assessment of the emissions data by the Council of Experts on Climate Change established pursuant to section 11 subsection (1), present an immediate action programme for the relevant sector; the programme shall ensure compliance with the annual sectoral emission budgets in the subsequent years.
(2)The Federal Government shall deliberate on the measures to be taken in the relevant sector or in other sectors or on cross-sector measures and shall adopt these measures as quickly as possible. In so doing, it may take account of the existing flexibility allowed by the European Effort Sharing Regulation and alter the annual sectoral emission budgets referred to in section 4 subsection (5) of this Act. Before the proposal for a decision on these measures is produced, the assumptions regarding greenhouse gas emission reduction on which the measures are based shall be forwarded to the Council of Experts on Climate Change for assessment. The result of this assessment shall be attached to the proposal for a decision.
(3)The Federal Government shall inform the Bundestag of the adopted measures.
(4)For the energy sector, subsections (1) to (3) above shall be applied, mutatis mutandis, at intervals of three years, beginning with the 2023 reporting year.

Part 3. Climate action planning

9. Climate action programmes

(1)At least after each update of the Climate Action Plan, the Federal Government shall adopt a climate action programme; in addition, if targets are missed, the existing climate action programme shall be updated to include measures adopted pursuant to section 8 subsection (2) of this Act. In each climate action programme the Federal Government, having regard to the current climate projection report within the meaning of section 10 subsection (2), shall specify which measures it will take to achieve the national climate targets in the individual sectors. Central to the measures referred to in the second sentence above is compliance with the permissible annual emission budgets set in accordance with section 4. The Federal Government shall also specify which measures it will take to achieve the targets referred to in section 3a of this Act.
(2)The climate action programme shall be adopted no later than the calendar year following the update of the Climate Action Plan. The federal ministries with sectoral responsibility under section 4 subsection (4) of this Act shall, within six months following the update of the Climate Action Plan, propose measures that are suitable for achieving the required additional greenhouse gas reductions in the respective sectors. Besides scientific estimates of the probable greenhouse gas reduction effects, the proposals for measures shall also contain scientific estimates of potential economic, social and other environmental impacts. These estimates shall, as far as possible, include effects on employment development, economic structure, the equivalence of living conditions between rural and urban areas and on efficiency in the use of natural resources. The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, in consultation with the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, shall determine the probable greenhouse gas reduction effect of the proposed measures.
(3)The Federal Government shall involve the Länder, municipalities, business associations and civil society organisations as well as the Scientific Platform on Climate Change and scientific advisory bodies of the Federal Government in every climate action programme through a public consultation procedure.

10. Reporting

(1)The Federal Government shall produce an annual climate action report containing information on the development of greenhouse gas emissions in the individual sectors and on the state of progress in implementing the climate action programmes adopted pursuant to section 9 of this Act and the immediate action programmes presented pursuant to section 8 as well as a forecast of the likely greenhouse gas reduction effects. For the first time in 2024 and every two years thereafter, the climate action report shall contain a description of the state of progress and further development of carbon pricing within the European Union, on technological and international developments and on compatibility with national carbon pricing and national climate targets including the effect on the sectors pursuant to section 4 subsection (1). The Federal Government shall forward the climate action report for the preceding year to the Bundestag by 30 June.
(2)From the year 2021, the Federal Government shall produce a climate projection report every two years in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 18 of the European Governance Regulation; the report shall contain the projections for greenhouse gas emissions, including sources and sinks of the land use, land-use change and forestry sector, and specify the national policies and measures adopted for the reduction of those emissions. The Federal Government shall forward the climate projection report to the Bundestag by 31 March of the relevant year.
(3)The climate projection report shall be central to the integrated national progress reports prescribed by Article 17 of the European Governance Regulation; the latter reports shall be prepared by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy in agreement with the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.

Part 4. Council of Experts on Climate Change

11. Independent Council of Experts on Climate Change, authority to enact statutory instruments

(1)A Council of Experts on Climate Change shall be established, comprising five specialised persons from various disciplines. The Federal Government shall appoint the members for a term of five years, at least one member being drawn from each of the fields of climatology, economics, environmental science and social matters and possessing outstanding scientific knowledge and experience in his or her field. The Council of Experts as a whole should also embody overarching expertise in the sectors specified in section 4 subsection (1) of this Act. Equal representation of women and men shall be ensured. Each member may be reappointed once.
(2)The Council of Experts on Climate Change shall elect by secret ballot from among its members a chairperson and a deputy chairperson. The Council of Experts on Climate Change shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
(3)The Council of Experts on Climate Change shall be bound only by the mandate assigned by this Act and shall be independent in its activity. The Federation shall meet the costs incurred by the Council of Experts on Climate Change, subject to the provisions of the federal budget.
(4)The Council of Experts on Climate Change shall be assisted in the performance of its work by an administrative office. The staff of the office shall be appointed by the Federal Government and shall be under the authority of the Council of Experts on Climate Change in professional matters.
(5)The Federal Government shall be authorised to enact statutory instruments not requiring the consent of the Bundesrat to lay down rules governing the seat of the Council of Experts on Climate Change, its administrative office, the lump-sum remuneration of its members, the reimbursement of their travel expenses, their duty of confidentiality and other organisational matters.

12. Tasks of the Council of Experts on Climate Change

(1)The Council of Experts on Climate Change shall examine the emissions data referred to in section 5 subsections (1) and (2) of this Act and shall present the Federal Government and the Bundestag with an assessment of the published data within one month following their transmission by the Federal Environment Agency.
(2)Before the proposal for a decision on the measures referred to in section 8 subsection (2) is produced, the Council of Experts on Climate Change shall examine the assumptions on greenhouse gas reduction that underlie the measures.
(3)The Federal Government shall obtain the opinion of the Council of Experts on Climate Change regarding the underlying assumptions on greenhouse gas reduction before ordering the implementation of the following measures:
1.alterations to or setting of the annual emission budgets pursuant to this Act;
2.updating of the Climate Action Plan;
3.adoption of climate action programmes pursuant to section 9.
(4)The Council of Experts on Climate Change shall, for the first time in 2022 and every two years thereafter, present the Bundestag and Federal Government with an assessment of developments in greenhouse gas emissions to date, trends in relation to the annual emission budgets and the effectiveness of measures with regard to the achievement of targets in accordance with this Act. In addition, the Bundestag or the Federal Government may, through adoption of corresponding decisions, task the Council of Experts on Climate Change with drawing up special reports.
(5)All public bodies of the Federation within the meaning of section 2 subsection (1) of the Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz) shall enable the Council of Experts on Climate Change to peruse the data required for the performance of its tasks and shall make such data available. The Federal Government shall ensure that the protection of third parties’ industrial and commercial secrets and of personal data is guaranteed. The Council of Experts on Climate Change may hear and question public authorities as well as experts, particularly representatives of business organisations and environmental associations, on matters relating to climate action.

Part 5. Role model function of public authorities

13. Consideration requirement

(1)Bodies discharging public duties shall give due consideration to the purpose of this Act and to the targets set for its implementation. The foregoing shall be without prejudice to the powers of the Länder, municipalities and municipal associations to determine the manner of their compliance within their respective areas of responsibility. In the planning, selection and making of investments and procurements at the federal level, the avoidance or causation of greenhouse gas emissions shall be tied to a carbon price of at least the minimum price or fixed price applicable in accordance with section 10 subsection (2) of the Fuel Emission Allowance Trading Act (Brennstoff-Emissionshandelsgesetz).
(2)When planning, selecting and making investments and procurements, the Federation shall examine how each of these operations can contribute to the achievement of the national climate targets specified in section 3 of this Act. Where there are two or more implementation options, preference shall be given, after balancing against other relevant criteria pertaining to the objective of the respective measure, to the option or options with which the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions over the whole lifecycle of the measure can be achieved at the lowest cost. Additional expenditure may not be disproportionate to the additional contribution to greenhouse gas reduction. In so far as provisions of procurement law are applicable, they shall be observed.
(3)When cost-effectiveness criteria are applied, costs and savings arising for the Federation over the entire lifecycle of the investment or procurement in question shall be the basis of any comparison.

14. Federation-Länder cooperation

(1)Without prejudice to compatibility with federal law, the Länder may enact their own legislation on climate change. The existing Länder legislation on climate change shall continue to apply without prejudice to their compatibility with federal law.
(2)The Federation and the Länder shall cooperate in an appropriate form in order to achieve the objectives of this Act.

15. Climate-neutral federal administration

(1)The Federation shall set itself the goal of climate-neutral organisation of the federal administration by 2030. To achieve this goal, the Federal Government shall adopt, in the year 2023 at the latest and every five years thereafter, measures to be complied with by the federal authorities and other federal institutions without legal personality of their own if they are directly subject to the organisational authority of the Federation. If legal provisions are required to achieve the goal specified in the first sentence above, the Federal Government shall present the Bundestag with a draft of those provisions within six months following the adoption of the measures.
(2)Climate neutrality of the federal administration is to be achieved, in particular, through energy savings, through the efficient provision, conversion, use and storage of energy and through the efficient use of renewable energy sources and the selection of the most climate friendly modes of transport. In this context, care shall be taken to ensure the efficient use of natural resources. In the case of federal administrative actions abroad, such as the construction or refurbishment of federal buildings, due consideration shall be given to local regulations and technical standards and to market conditions.
(3)The Federation shall endeavour, in the corporations, agencies and foundations under its supervision, in its special funds and in the private legal entities that are wholly or partially under its ownership, to ensure that these bodies also pursue climate-neutral organisation of their administrative activity.
(4)The Federal Government shall engage in experience-sharing with the Länder with a view to assisting the Länder, within their sphere of responsibility, in considering and, where appropriate, framing rules that are comparable with those enacted in pursuance of subsections (1) to (3) above.

Annex 1

Sectors (ad sections 4 and 5)

The division into sectors is based on the source categories of the Common Reporting Format (CRF) set out in the European Monitoring Mechanism Implementing Regulation or on an implementing act adopted on the basis of Article 26(7) of the European Governance Regulation.
SectorsDescription of the source categories in the Common Reporting Format (CRF)CRF source category
1. EnergyFuel combustion activities in energy industriesPipeline transport (other transportation)Fugitive emissions from fuels1.A.11.A.3.e1.B
2. IndustryFuel combustion activities in manufacturing industries and constructionIndustrial processes and product useCO2 transport and storage1.A.221.C
3. BuildingsFuel consumption activities in:commercial/institutional householdsOther activities relating to fuel consumption (particularly in military establishments)1.A.4.a1.A.4.b1.A.5
4. TransportTransport (domestic civil aviation, road transport, rail transport and inland shipping), excluding pipeline transport1.A.3.a, 1.A.3.b, 1.A.3.c and 1.A.3.d
5. AgricultureAgricultureFuel consumption activities in agriculture, forestry and fisheries31.A.4.c
6. Waste and OtherWaste and wastewaterOther56
7. Land use, land-use change and forestryForestland, cropland, grassland, wetlands and settlements, harvested wood products, changes between land-use categories4

Annex 2

Permissible annual emission budgets for the years 2020 to 2030 (ad section 4)

Annual emission budgets in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent20202021202220232024202520262027202820292030
Energy280 257       108
Industry186182177172165157149140132125118
Buildings11811310810297928782777267
Transport1501451391341281231171121059685
Agriculture7068676665636261595756
Waste and Other99887766554

Annex 3

Annual mitigation targets for the years 2031 to 2040 (ad section 4)

 2031203220332034203520362037203820392040
Annual mitigation targets in relation to 199067%70%72%74%77%79%81%83%86%88%
    • Narrative and principles
      • International norms and obligations
    • Policy formulation
      • Target setting
    • Policy formulation
      • Target setting
    • Policy formulation
      • Target setting
    • Institutional arrangements
      • Coordination
    • Institutional arrangements
      • Coordination
    • Accountability and enforcement
      • Reporting obligations
    • Accountability and enforcement
      • Reporting obligations
    • Accountability and enforcement
      • Reporting obligations
    • Accountability and enforcement
      • Reporting obligations
    • Accountability and enforcement
      • Oversight mechanisms
    • Policy formulation
      • Strategy setting and planning
    • Institutional arrangements
      • Public participation
    • Accountability and enforcement
      • Reporting obligations
    • Institutional arrangements
      • Knowledge creation and capacity building
    • Institutional arrangements
      • Knowledge creation and capacity building
    • Institutional arrangements
      • Integration and mainstreaming
    • Institutional arrangements
      • Coordination
    • Policy formulation
      • Strategy setting and planning