Long-Term Strategy on Energy and Climate Change 2020-2050.

The Long-Term Strategy on Energy and Climate Change is the instrument that allows the planning, coordination and rationalisation of the actions, measures and projects to combat climate change and the achievement of the goals of Law 21/ 2018 of 13 September on the promotion of the energy transition and climate change (Litecc) in a way that is binding on the Public Administration.
Its activities may be aimed at specific sectors such as energy, mobility, agriculture and waste management and include different sectors to address more cross-cutting issues such as the promotion of the circular economy, changes in our consumption habits, the promotion of research in the above areas and the inclusion of new concepts in the sensitisation of all the citizenry.
The Strategy consists of five action programmes and seventeen activities to meet the emission reduction targets for achieving neutrality by 2050, developing a climate change adaptation plan to address the current and projected situation, structuring a funding system to carry out the planned actions, sensitising, educating and training the population and performing the research and innovation tasks required to understand and respond to the new environmental and technological challenges.
Based on the above diagnosis, the Strategy’s first programme must focus on decarbonising energy sector as well as other equally strategic sectors with fewer emissions (programme I). At the same time it is essential to reduce risks and improve the country’s resilience (programme II). In order to achieve the mitigation and adaptation objectives it is vital to anticipate their financing system, as a result of which the programme for the national carbon credit market and other taxation tools has been created to contribute to bearing the cost of the implementation and functioning of the activities envisaged in the Strategy (programme III). Finally, it is important to emphasise that this is a relatively recent problem with a significant degree of uncertainty and, therefore, the mechanisms to promote innovation and research must always be reinforced to implement the most advanced technologies and continue with a systematic observation of the phenomena that occur in order to readjust the planned activities (programme IV). However, it will not be possible to make a paradigm shift in the energy sector and the fight against climate change without the implementation of a social transition allowing the education, training, sensitisation and empowerment of society as a whole with regard to the importance of these strategic goals and the changes in habits required to achieve them (programme V).
Each of the above-mentioned programmes is broken down into a set of activities that will be conducted in different actions, as follows: I. Decarbonisation to achieve carbon neutrality: national action programmes to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The activities include: 1. Energy transition 2. Sustainable, connected and safe mobility 3. Agriculture and forest management respectful towards the territory’s sink capacity 4. Circular economy 5. Industry and use of industrial products. II. National action for adaptation to climate change and greater resilience. The activities are: 6. Plan for adaptation to climate change 7. Promotion of nature-based solutions for greater resilience. III. Programme for the national carbon credit market and other taxation tools to achieve carbon neutrality. The activities: 8. National carbon credit market and renewable energy 9. Green Fund and other taxation tools. IV. Social transition, which is implemented through the following activities: 10. Sensitisation and dissemination regarding carbon neutrality. The activities are: 11. Educational transition 12. Training to achieve carbon neutrality 13. User information and protection 14. Participation of the different agents in the process to achieve carbon neutrality. V. Innovation, research and systematic observation, reflected into the following activities: 15. Innovation 16. Research and knowledge transfer 17. Systematic observation.
A set of quantitative and qualitative indicators are defined to assess the degree of achievement of the objectives set by the Strategy and the need to review and/or modify the associated activities.