Federal Decree-Law No.36 of 2021 on Trademarks.

This Decree-Law, comprising 61 articles, regulates trademarks, defined as any distinctive sign or combination of signs used to identify and distinguish the goods or services of one organization from those of others. Trademarks may include words, names, symbols, letters, images, shapes, colors, packaging, 3D or hologram marks, and similar elements, while sounds and smells may also qualify if they serve this identifying function. Article 3 outlines exclusions, specifying signs or elements that cannot be considered trademarks or registered. Article 5 establishes a Trademark Register at the Ministry, recording all trademarks along with owner information, business activities, covered goods or services, and any modifications, which the public can access for a prescribed fee. Article 12 sets the registration controls and procedures, allowing the Ministry to require modifications to prevent confusion with existing trademarks. Article 17 provides that trademark protection begins from the application filing date, and the owner receives a registration certificate with the relevant details. Chapter VI governs geographical indications (GIs), permitting their registration similarly to trademarks. It prohibits misleading use of geographic origins, establishes a Geographical Indications Register, and defines conditions preventing registration (e.g., conflicts with existing trademarks). Trademark procedures and protections, such as registration, objections, transfer, and enforcement against infringement, also apply to GIs.