This case was concerned with a claim against the National Government and the Province of El Chaco brought toward by Argentina’s Human Rights Ombudsman who claimed that the respondents failed to ensure fundamental rights guaranteed under the Argentinian Constitution, the Constitution of the Province of Chaco and international treaties. The aim was to force the government to take necessary measures in order to improve the living conditions of an indigenous community in El Chaco which allegedly lacked basic necessities. A large number of people of the indigenous population suffered from diseases related to extreme poverty, such as malnutrition or tuberculosis. The community lacked food, access to potable water, housing and medical assistance.

The Court granted the requested precautionary measures which ordered the respondents to fulfil the community members’ fundamental rights by, among others, providing potable water and implementing health care, food, education and housing programs.