Opinions of the General Offices of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Improving the Natural Resource Asset Management System.

This policy document issues central guidance on improving the management system for natural resource assets. It sets an overarching objective to establish a more complete natural resource asset management system by 2030 and a fully operating system by 2035.
The Opinions set out that efforts should focus on improving the property rights system for natural resource assets, strengthening the integrated protection of natural resources, promoting the efficient allocation of natural resource assets, safeguarding the rights and interests of natural resource asset owners, improving the institutional mechanisms for the management of natural resource assets, strengthening supervision and administration, and ensuring resource security, thereby providing strong support and safeguards for advancing modernization characterized by the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. Key measures include completing unified survey, monitoring and evaluation systems covering land, minerals, forests, grasslands, wetlands, water, marine areas, deserts and national park and territorial space; improving statistical accounting, asset inventories and natural resources balance sheets; and exploring natural capital accounting. Protection measures include strict red lines for farmland and ecological protection, strengthened protected area management, and restoration and conservation to preserve asset value.
The policy document calls for clarifying ownership and use rights, promoting separation of ownership and use, and advancing unified rights confirmation and registration for natural resources and real estate, including specific provisions for underground space, state agricultural land, reclaimed sea areas and uninhabited islands.