Ethiopia’s Nationally Determined Contribution 3.0 (2025-2035).

Ethiopia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) for 2025–2035 sets an ambitious climate action framework aligned with the Paris Agreement and the country’s Long-Term Low-Emissions Development Strategy targeting net-zero by 2050. Building on progress from the previous NDC, Ethiopia commits to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 70.3% below the business-as-usual scenario by 2035, with unconditional reductions of 40.7% and conditional reductions dependent on international support. The largest mitigation potential lies in land use, land-use change, and forestry (LUCF), which accounts for over 77% of projected reductions through afforestation, reforestation, and sustainable forest management. Energy sector decarbonization, driven by renewable energy expansion and an electric vehicle initiative—including a ban on new internal combustion engine imports—also plays a critical role. Adaptation is prioritized to address recurrent droughts, floods, and temperature extremes that threaten food security and infrastructure. Key measures include scaling climate-smart agriculture, expanding irrigation, restoring degraded lands, and strengthening early-warning systems. Urban resilience will be enhanced through green infrastructure, improved housing, and climate-proofed transport networks. Water and energy strategies focus on diversifying supply and improving reliability, while health and education sectors aim to reduce climate-sensitive diseases and integrate resilience into service delivery. Social inclusion and gender equality are mainstreamed across all actions, ensuring equitable benefits and participation.