Ethiopia's Updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC).

The Ethiopia's Updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) presents its enhancement to the first NDC, covering the period from 2020 to 2030. In determining mitigation contributions, the following activities were undertaken: (i) updating the BAU GHG emission pathway, (ii) preparing GHG emission reduction pathways to 2030 (national and sectoral), (iii) setting 2025 and 2030 mitigation targets consistent with Ethiopia’s strong political ambition and readiness to act on climate change, (iv) assessing and prioritizing mitigation interventions and indicator selection through a consultative process, and (v) disaggregating conditional and unconditional contributions In determining adaptation contributions, the following activities were undertaken: a review of Ethiopia’s adaptation policy, institutional landscape, andtheir respective challenges; setting a 2018 baseline and 2030 targets; prioritization of 40 adaptation interventions and the selection of accompanying indicators. Apart from this, a review of Ethiopia’s current measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems was also conducted.
NDC Mitigation Contributions are identified across sectors. 1) Land use change and forestry (LUCF) has the largest mitigation potential; policy interventions promote sustainable agriculture by increasing the share of agricultural land under sustainable management practices, and reducing pre-harvest losses and land converted for agricultural infrastructure; Grassland improvement for carbon sequestration; Reducing residential biomass use by enabling a fuel shift from unsustainable biomass energy demand to electric stoves, renewable biofuels, and improved cookstoves; Reforestation and Restoration of land. 2) Livestock exhibits the second most important mitigation abatements. Policy interventions promote: enhancing efficiency and productivity in livestock subsectors (dairy, red meat and poultry intervention packages); agricultural mechanisation by using tractors for farmers and smallholders; increase in the share of poultry; improved feeding to reduce emissions from enteric fermentation. 3) In the Energy sector policy interventions encompass: economy-wide improvements of energy efficiency of appliances, machinery and other capital assets; shifting transport energy demand from petroleum to electricity, and increasing the share of electric vehicles and public transport; industry fuel shift from industrial petroleum demand to electricity and sustainable biomass. 4) In the Waste sector interventions are focused on reducing waste generation, diverting organic materials from landfills, i.e. waste separation and composting, and reducing emissions from wastewater. 5) Industry sector. 6) Soil sector, this latter is directly linked to the livestock sector which comprises all emission- relevant policy interventions.
As captured in Chapter 7 and Annex 2, Ethiopia’s major climate change adaptation commitments are in the sectors of agriculture, land use and forestry, with additional adaptation contributions in water, health, energy, transport, and urban settlements. 1) Under Agricultural sector the policy interventions are aimed at enhancing food security by improving agricultural productivity in a climate-smart manner (promote yield increasing techniques); diversify livestock and animal mix, including promotion of poultry and small ruminants; enhanced climate resilience in livestock; prevent and control the spread of climate-driven vector-borne diseases; improve rangeland and pasture-land management diversification, including selection of drought- resistant animal breeds; expand the use of improved crop varieties with climate resilient characteristics; strengthen crop disease and pest monitoring systems in vulnerable areas; strengthen drought and crop insurance mechanisms for climate risk management. 2) In the forest sector actions include restoration and reforestation through tree planting; increase national forest coverage; enhance sustainable forest management; improve sustainable utilisation of forest resources; implement forest protection and health enhancement measures in natural forest ecosystems. 3) In Land use and Resource management Ethiopia commits to: enhance climate resilient livelihoods of wildlife resource dependent communities in protected areas; and enhance sustainable natural resources development, management, and watershed protection. 4) In the Water sector policy intervention are: integrated watershed development; improve access to potable water to strengthen community climate resilience; expand the construction of medium and large- scale irrigation systems to enhance food security. 5) In the Energy sector actions are: increasing number of households using renewable off-grid energy sources for lighting. 6) In the Urban and Transport sectors initiatives for instance promote increase of climate resilient designs and safety standards for transport systems; enhance urban greenery for improved climate resilience Undertake climate-adaptive urban planning. 7) In climate services and disaster risk reduction is promoted: enhancing climate service data reliability; surface water and groundwater resource assessment coverage; enhancing water quality monitoring coverage. 8) In the Health sector for instance is promoted the increase proportion of households with safe water supply.