Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

This Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) is a nationwide sectoral document aiming at laying out the adaptation initiatives, addressing both climate change adaptation and mitigation objectives, that Ethiopia intends to undertake in order to limit its net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. The INDC is in line with the Climate Resilient Green Economy Strategy (CRGE), integrated into the Second Growth and Transformation Plan that would ensure a resilient economic development pathway while decreasing per capita emissions by 64% to achieve the Vision of achieving carbon neutrality, with the mid-term goal of attaining middle-income status.
The document examines two types of intervention: (i) mitigation contribution of GHG emissions, regarding priority gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous-oxide in the following sectors 1.Agriculture (livestock and soil), 2.Forestry, 3.Transport, 4.Electric Power, 5.Industry (including mining) and 6.Buildings (including Waste and Green Cities); and (ii) adaptation to climate change, with actions to be fully mainstreamed into development activities, with the participation of the entire population, especially farmers and pastoralists, to increase resilience and reduce vulnerability of livelihoods and landscapes in three pillars 1.drought, 2.floods and 3.other cross-cutting interventions.
To help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition, the INDC proposes (i) breeding improved crop varieties, primarily from among those that suit all agricultural areas where varieties that were grown in the past have become unsuitable; (ii) improving traditional methods to store food and feed in productive years and secure food supply in case of extreme weather events; and (iii) strengthening rural economic development through higher agricultural production, which leads consequently to a greater food security.
In order to make agriculture and forestry more productive and sustainable, the document aims at (i) increasing the resilience of agriculture addressing the high levels of vulnerability of the sector to droughts and floods; (ii) enhancing irrigation systems through rainwater harvesting and conservation of water, including improved water use efficiency; (iii) protecting and re-establishing forests; and (v) the sustainable afforestation of degraded forest areas.
The resilience of livelihoods to disasters will be increased through (i) protecting humans, wildlife and domestic animals from extreme droughts and digging wells and enhancing water harvesting techniques; (ii) reducing adverse effects of drought through enabling the re-establishment and movement of plant and animal species and varieties to areas suitable for their survival when temperature rises, land management practices and improved livestock production practices to reverse soil erosion, restore water balance, and increase vegetation cover, including drought tolerant vegetation, and planning and construction of dams or deep wells, deployment of water saving technologies and wastewater treatment infrastructure; (iii) developing and implementing climate change compatible building and construction codes for buildings, roads, airports, airfields, dry ports, railways, bridges, dams and irrigation canals; (iv) identifying the technical support needed for the adequate integration of climate change adaptation considerations into policies, strategies, plans, and projects.