Ghana National Spatial Development Framework (2015-2035) Volume II: Overall Spatial Development Strategy.

The Volume II of the Ghana National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF) 2015–2035, is part of a long-term national strategy that sets out how land use, settlement patterns, infrastructure, and economic development should be organised across Ghana. It is aligned with national development policies and analyses major trends such as population growth, urbanisation, environmental pressures, and regional inequalities. Its central aim is to create a balanced spatial structure that supports polycentric development, strengthens key city-regions like Accra and Kumasi, and improves rural development while protecting environmental and cultural resources. The Framework proposes a structured settlement hierarchy of urban centres, development of two major city-regions, and regional urban networks linked by major corridors such as the Abidjan–Accra–Lagos coastal zone. It prioritises investments in transport (roads, rail, ports, airports), green infrastructure, agricultural corridors, and transit-oriented urban growth, while improving rural–urban linkages and reducing inequality. Implementation involves phased infrastructure investment, coordinated planning across government levels, land-use management tools, and environmental safeguards supported by strategic environmental assessment. It also integrates sectors such as agriculture, water, mining, tourism, and Information and Communication Technology to ensure coordinated national development and guide regional and local planning decisions.