Ecological Transition Plan.

The Ecological Transition Plan (ETP) is a national multi sectoral plan of Italy for the period 2022-2050. Its main objective is to coordinate policies, integrating them with digitization and energy transition that will lead, through a time schedule of measures and actions, to the transformation of the country system in order to make it capable of achieving the objectives set at an international level.
To this end, the ETP plans to act on several macro-objectives shared at European level. 1. Climate neutrality: this is to be obtained by carrying out the process of zeroing emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050, in particular through the progressive abandon of fossil sources and the conversion to renewable sources and the transition to healthy, regenerative and circular agriculture and animal husbandry according to the European strategy "farm to fork", "from producer to consumer"; effectively counter forest fires by introducing measures to prevent grazing animals from breeding in previously wooded land, destroyed by fires; 2. Zeroing of pollution: bring the pollution below the warning thresholds indicated by the World Health Organization, towards a substantial zeroing, for the benefit of human health and ecosystems, encourage sustainable mobility; 3. Adaptation to climate change: implement various adaptation measures to climate change that is impacting on the territory, on biodiversity and on economic activities. Interventions are therefore proposed to combat hydrogeological instability and to increase the resilience of natural and anthropogenic systems and water resources; 4.Restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems: in connection with mitigation and adaptation objectives, the Plan aims to enhance the national biodiversity heritage with conservation measures (increase of land and sea protected areas), and with the implementation of solutions based on nature ("nature based solutions") in order to restore nature in urban, degraded and fundamental areas such as rivers and coasts; 5. Transition to the circular economy and the bioeconomy: moving from a linear economic model to a circular model, in order to allow not only the recycling and reuse of materials but also the design of durable products, thus guiding consumption to the saving of materials and preventing the production of waste; eliminate inefficiencies and waste and promote circular management of natural resources, residues and waste in agriculture and in the bioeconomy sectors.
If the main objective of the ecological transition plan is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 (and a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030), it presents many other objectives and areas of intervention, which fall within the five macro-objectives set out above. The Plan is divided into eight areas of intervention: their reciprocal relationship implies a cross-sectoral and coordinated management both at national level between various ministries and agencies and at local level, between Regions and cities. The interventions concern: 1. The decarbonization. 2. Sustainable mobility. 3. The improvement of air quality. 4. The fight against land consumption and hydrogeological instability. 5. The improvement of water resources and related infrastructures. 6. The restoration and strengthening of biodiversity. 7. The protection of the sea. 8. The promotion of the circular economy, the bioeconomy and sustainable agriculture.
The governance of the Ecological Transition Plan will have to implement the integration and the synergy of interventions and related funds destined to decarbonization, sustainable development and ecological transition of all the ministries involved, taking into account the lines already drawn from the Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), and anchored to the "Do not significant harm" principle, in a perspective of consistency of policy choices. The implementation of the Plan should be able to count on the largest volume of available resources in order to maximize the impact of investments and accelerate the transformation process at national and local level. In addition, the Plan should be able to count on European and national cohesion funds and on the ordinary budget managed by the central public administration and by local authorities. At the same time, the activation of further investments by private operators and forms of public-private partnerships must be promoted.