Law No. 25 “On biosecurity”.

This Law primarily addresses the legal framework governing biosecurity, emphasizing the protection of public health and the environment from biological risks associated with pathogenic biological agents and modern biotechnology products. It establishes that the national legislation on biosecurity is rooted in the Constitution and supplemented by national laws and international treaties. The Law underscores principles such as the primacy of biological security, the protection of citizens' rights, national interests, public awareness, and the necessity of activity regulation and suspension in case of threats. Key measures include the regulation of production, processing, use, storage, transport, and sale of biological agents and biotechnology products, all requiring licensing and adherence to safety standards. The Law defines hazard groups for pathogenic biological agents, ranging from I (highest risk) to IV (lowest risk), and mandates control measures and lists of agents per hazard group. It prohibits unauthorized activities, development of biological weapons, and engagement with unlicensed entities. The Law also details procedures for export control, risk assessment, and physical protection of biological objects, alongside requirements for information security concerning biological data. Implementation mechanisms involve the Cabinet of Ministers, which is responsible for adopting legal instruments, defining authorities, and coordinating activities related to biosecurity. The Law specifies the powers of the President and local authorities in biosecurity management, including public warning and emergency response. It establishes procedures for international cooperation, emphasizing mutual assistance, policy harmonization, and information exchange, while explicitly prohibiting actions that threaten national security or independence. Enforcement is supported by penalties for violations.