Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0).

The document primarily focuses on the national comprehensive climate policy framework, emphasizing mitigation and adaptation strategies aligned with international commitments. It operates within a broader legal and policy context that includes national development plans, environmental legislation, and international environmental obligations. The policy aims to achieve net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions of 18% in 2030 and 16% in 2035 relative to baseline projections, with conditional targets of 30% and 39%, respectively, supported by domestic policies and international support. It underscores principles of environmental integrity, social inclusion, gender equality, and equitable transition, integrating these into legal and institutional mechanisms. Key measures outlined include sector-specific mitigation actions such as energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy development, transportation decarbonization, industrial process reforms, and waste management enhancements. Adaptation strategies prioritize water resource management, agriculture resilience, disaster risk reduction, health system strengthening, urban infrastructure adaptation, forestry conservation, and biodiversity preservation. The document details a multi-sectoral action plan with defined timelines from 2026 to 2035, assigning responsibilities to various ministries and agencies, and establishing institutional coordination through a central council. It emphasizes stakeholder engagement, including civil society, private sector, and vulnerable groups, with procedural mechanisms for consultation, monitoring, and reporting. The implementation framework incorporates institutional oversight, periodic reporting, and validation processes, ensuring adherence to legal standards and policy objectives, with a focus on transparency, data accuracy, and stakeholder participation.
The document sets a course for three interrelated outcomes: (a) adaptation and resilience - reducing climate risks for people, the economy and infrastructure, agriculture, healthcare, early warning systems, sustainable water use; climate education and a just transition; (b) GHG emissions reduction: transforming the energy, transport, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), agriculture, and waste management sectors, and improving energy efficiency; and (c) natural solutions and environmental quality: protection and restoration of ecosystems, sustainable management of forests and pastures, pollution reduction.
The document establishes the development of “climate literacy” as a cross-cutting objective: the integration of climate topics into school and university curricula, as well as technical and vocational education and training (TVET).