Intended Nationally Determined Contribution.

In order to build island resilience to the adverse impacts and extreme events of climate change and in parallel with achieving the common development goals, the Republic of Kiribati developed its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution to reduce by more than 60% its emissions of greenhouse gases although they are among the lowest in the world.
The document consists of both mitigation and adaptation measures. The major goal of the mitigation measures is to reduce fossil fuel imports and increasing in use of renewable energy along with further energy efficiency improvements on both the demand and supply sides. To achieve the aforementioned goal, proposed actions are (i) use of coconut oil based bio-fuel for electricity generation and transport; (ii) diffusion of on-grid solar PV on urban islands; (iii) mangrove forest enhancement. As for the adaptation measures, the INDC lists a number of policies and strategies developed in order to address the impacts of climate change and sea level rise and related environmental issues. Each mentioned document has one or more key actions, sub-actions, outcomes and performance indicators to address climate change and disaster risks in response to the identified vulnerabilities and impacts. An important goal underlined by the document is to involve ministries as well as non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the private sector, faith-based organisations and development partners to reach the entire Kiribati society, particularly in the outer islands and among marginalized populations.
To help eliminate hunger and food insecurity, the document suggests (i) return to traditional food systems declined in favor of imported food; and (ii) protection of coastal and marine biodiversity.