Intended Nationally Determined Contributions of 2015.

In accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and based on the information mentioned in decision 1/CP.20, Kuwait prepared its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions for the period post-2020 towards achieving the objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (UNFCCC) to limit the negative impacts of climate change. The objective of this nationwide sectoral document covers the period from 2020 to 2035. To achieve the goal, the State of Kuwait is committed to move to a low carbon equivalent emissions economy system based on its future business as usual emissions and diversify the sources of energy production to contribute in avoiding the increase of greenhouses gases emissions.
The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions are based on two main forms of intervention - namely mitigation and adaptation - through the implementation of some projects and enacting laws and regulations aiming at reducing the harmful emissions by the reduction of the State's energy consumption and diversification of energy sources, particularly increasing the proportion of clean energies.
Main mitigation contributions are (i) improving petroleum products through producing clean fuel to supply power plants with it; (ii) construct a new refinery whit a lower amount of emissions and products compatible with international specifications and standards; (iii) energy production from municipal solid waste and renewable sources, such as photo-voltaic, solar thermal, and wind energy; (iv) mass transit systems project and railway project that links national ports in order to achieve an integrated and sustainable development for transporting goods and passengers in Kuwait and abroad.
Adaptation measures regard (i) coastal information system, including the establishment of forecasting and protection centers from water level rise in order to protect the shoreline; (ii) adaptation to dust storms by reducing the open desert land, increasing the proportion of protected areas, and implementing green belts in the most vulnerable desert areas; (iii) food security through the development of the agricultural sector and strengthening its role to raise the self-sufficiency ratios; (iv) the use of district cooling system in the new residential cities to reduce the consumed electric power in the houses; (v) adapting to lack of water resources through the use of higher efficiency systems such as reverse osmosis system in water production, awareness campaigns for citizens, and the use of modern techniques to rationalize the human consumption of water and in agriculture and industrial systems.
As for the implementation, Kuwait needs the availability of technological and financial support by the relevant existing institutions such as the Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN), as well as the Green Climate Fund (GCF).