National Climate Change Policy 2017.

This National Climate Change Policy is a nationwide multi-sectoral document that provides strategic directions and coordination on issues of climate change within the context of sustainable development, as articulated by the Paris Agreement. It identifies major vulnerable areas and risks and describes 22 policy directions on which various sector adaptation and mitigation interventions will be anchored to address fundamentally critical issues. Furthermore, the document (i) explore low-carbon development opportunities, nationally and internationally, in order to promote the sustainable use of resources; (ii) sets out implementation strategies that include legal and other institutional arrangements; (iii) identifies resources mobilization strategies; (iv) advocates for private sector investment in climate change adaptation and mitigation; (v) recommends a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework.
To help eliminate hunger and malnutrition, the Policy focuses on the development of climate-resilient agriculture, also strengthening agriculture research through provision of financial resources, technology and capacity building.
In order to make agriculture and forestry more productive and sustainable, the main actions proposed are (i) develop climate-resilient agriculture and improve and harmonize research activities in climate-smart agriculture; (ii) promote appropriate indigenous knowledge and best practices; (iii) develop climate-resilient cropping and livestock systems; (iv) promote programs on livestock management and disease control, which integrate climatic conditions; (v) promote building capacity for recycling and conversion of agricultural waste; (vi) promote gene banks, community seed banks, zoological and botanical gardens to conserve the biological diversity of valuable species; (vii) enhance best practice for forestry and rangelands; (viii) improve rangelands and forestry management practices; (ix) introduce climate-tolerant forest and grassland species.
For rural poverty reduction, the Policy envisages to (i) facilitate the proper utilization of rural and peri-urban lands; (ii) invest in agriculture in vulnerable areas, such as developing crops and livestock that are pest and drought resistant, early yielding, and culturally acceptable, and promote water harvesting, to help curb rural-urban migration; (iii) facilitate movement between source and destination areas through improved transport systems; (iv) improve basic services in vulnerable areas; (v) promote alternative livelihood programs to develop skills among rural dwellers.
To enhance more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems, the interventions shall be directed to (i) build and strengthen the capacity of extension officers in climate-smart agriculture to enhance support to farmers; (ii) build capacity for community-level weather data collection, analysis, and dissemination for agricultural planning and capacity of agro-meteorological units; (iii) introduce incentives for climate change-related innovations.
The resilience of livelihoods to disasters can be increased through (i) climate early warning systems and improvement of climatic information, including research and systematic observations; (ii) enhancing the resilience of water resources by promoting integrated catchment management, ensuring access, supply and sanitation; (iii) water harvesting systems, water and waste treatment systems and reuse practices aiming at reducing emissions; (iv) integrating climate change in agricultural policies, strategies, plans and regulatory frameworks; (v) diversification of land use practices, including agro-forestry, dry-land farming, urban and backyard vegetable production to reduce risks and increase the capacity of farmers to cope with droughts and floods; (vi) supporting risk transfer schemes (e.g. insurance) against harvest failure due to climate related risks; (vii) utilization of biomass for cogeneration as a source of energy; (viii) renewable energy systems; (ix) balanced forest management policy and incentives for private investors to encourage greater sustainability of forests and their fuelwood production capacity; (x) use of environmentally friendly technologies; (xi) climate conscious and informed governance of the mining and mineral sectors; (xii) climate resilience and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in manufacturing; (xiii) addressing climate change impacts on human health; (xiv) low-carbon and climate resilient transport systems; (xv) mobilization of financial resources to implement climate change programs; (xvi) providing assistance and protection to affected populations forced migration due to climate change.
As for Governance, it is recommended a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework aiming at (i) enhancing effective policy implementation; (ii) ensuring appropriate utilization of resources; (iii) providing communication of results to decision-makers and stakeholders for future action specifying performance indicators and targets for each policy priority and strategic action to be monitored. In addition, the implementation of this Policy will undergo an independent external evaluation in five years. The recommendations resulting from this evaluation will then feed into the revision process for the next Policy document. Climate change governance includes the cooperation of different institutions and actors in addition to hierarchical forms of regulation, and describes the development of self-organizing structures.