Law No. 23 of 2010 regarding Commercial Activities.

This Law, comprising 1359 articles organized into 13 Books, aims to regulate economic activities carried out by individuals, regardless of their legal capacity, and to establish the legal framework governing the various forms through which such activities are conducted, including individual, family, partnership, and company structures. Under this Law, economic activities are governed first by this Law, then by Civil Law where consistent, and in the absence of legislation, by judicial discretion based on precedents, equity, and established commercial traditions. The Law provides, among other things, for (i) who may engage in commercial activities and under what conditions; (ii) the organizational forms through which the commercial activities are carried out, ranging from individual and family businesses to partnerships and companies; (iii) rules on registration, legal personality, management, liability, and dissolution of businesses. It emphasizes formalization, transparency, and accountability in economic operations, including requirements for registration, auditing, and disclosure. All goods and commodities can be freely exported or imported without quantitative or administrative restrictions by entities registered in the commercial register whose purposes include export and import activities. Producers are also allowed to export their products. Exceptions apply only to prohibited commodities.
Book Ten contains provisions concerning trademarks, establishing that registration is open to individuals, companies, and eligible foreigners. Generic marks, already registered, indecent, misleading, religious, or that use protected national, international, or third-party symbols without consent cannot be registered. Book Eleven, on Competition and Protection of the Consumer, treats provisions applied to freedom of prices, putting an end to the monopoly, organization of commercial competition, and definition of the rules of their protection for the development of the economic activity, and ensuring transparency and honesty in transactions, and respecting the rules of commercial sincerity. The provisions concern the protection of consumer rights and guarantee the honesty of the economic transactions, product safety, verification of their conformity with the approved standards and specifications. Book Twelve establishes the legal framework for the Chambers of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture and their General Union as independent public-interest institutions with legal personality, responsible for supporting and organizing economic activity. It defines their role in representing and promoting the interests of commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors, providing services to members, advising public authorities, collecting and disseminating economic data, issuing certificates, and facilitating dispute resolution through arbitration. Membership in the Chambers is mandatory for all economic operators, linking business licensing to registration and thereby strengthening formalization. The Book also regulates their internal governance, including general assemblies, management committees, funding sources, and financial independence. At a higher level, it establishes the General Union to coordinate among Chambers, represent them nationally and internationally, promote economic development, and support cooperation, research, and trade relations, alongside provisions for a Businessmen Council to enhance external economic engagement.