Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) of the Republic of Namibia to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

In conformity with decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the Conference of the Parties, the Republic of Namibia submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change towards achieving the reduction of about 89% of its GHG emissions by 2030. The document consists of both mitigation and adaptation measures.
As for the mitigation measures, they will be economy-wide and address the following sectors (i) energy; (ii) IPPU; (iii) AFOLU; and (iv) waste. The main are (i) increase share of renewable energies in electricity production; (ii) implement an energy efficiency program to reduce consumption; (iii) develop a sustainable transport system to reduce number of cars; (iv) partial replacement of clinker in cement production; (v) reduction of deforestation rate and increasing afforestation; and (vi) convert municipal solid waste and sludge from wastewater management systems from the main cities to energy and compost.
Main adaptation measures to guarantee the welfare of the people while reducing risks and building resilience are (i) improving technical capacity to develop a greater understanding of climate change and its effects; (ii) developing and implementing appropriate responses and adaptation strategies to reduce the impacts of floods, low rainfall and high temperatures on people, crops, livestock, infrastructure and services; (iii) implementing soil and water conservation policies and practices; (iv) improving ecosystem management, protection and conservation; (v) facilitating better integration of different policies and practices in vulnerable sectors; and (vi) developing policies and programs that accommodate and encourage new and diverse livelihood options while generating financial capital.
To make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable, main actions will be directed to (i) coordinating the timing of ploughing and crop planting with rainfall events; (ii) using drought-resistant crop varieties and livestock breeds; (iii) shifting livestock to alternative grazing areas; (iv) controlling the invader bush to restore pastureland to their original state; (v) promoting Climate Smart Agriculture and Conservation Agriculture; (vi) promoting Urban and peri-urban agriculture; (vii) establishing irrigation schemes along the perennial rivers; (viii) improving rural water supply; (ix) protecting forests and reducing wood removal; and (x) developing a community forest management.
In order to increase the resilience of livelihoods to disasters, the INDC envisages the following interventions (i) mainstream adaptation to climate change in the development programs to enable the country adapt while building resilience in the medium to longer term; (ii) develop a greater understanding of climate change and its effects; (iii) improve ecosystem management, protection and conservation; (iv) set up appropriate early warning systems to avoid losses and reduce impacts; and (v) adopt a structure dedicated to implementation of activities of the INDC.
As for the Governance, prerequisites for a successful and quick implementation of the INDC are indicated as follows (i) political stability; (ii) good governance; (iii) independent efficient judicial system; (iv) appropriate legislation; (v) provision of incentives; and (vi) implementation of robust awareness campaigns.