Marine and Fresh Water Quality Regulations (Chapter 2401-11)

The Regulations establish the legal framework and water quality standards for protecting the quality of all water resources in the Republic of Palau. The primary objective of this instrument is to maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of marine and fresh waters to prevent marine pollution and freshwater pollution and to protect public health. It aims to ensure the propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, while supporting various beneficial uses of water. Central to its purpose is the implementation of an anti-degradation policy, which mandates that existing high-quality waters must be maintained and protected unless a lowering of quality is deemed necessary for significant economic or social development.
The regulations provide a comprehensive classification system for both marine and fresh waters based on their specific protected uses. Marine waters are categorized into Class AA, Class A, and Class B, while fresh waters are divided into Class 1 and Class 2, with specific provisions for groundwater protection and the maintenance of its quality. The document outlines specific numerical and narrative water quality criteria and standards, including parameters for microbiological levels (enterococci), pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and temperature. Furthermore, the text establishes the concept of mixing zones and buffer zones, defining the technical requirements for localized areas where discharge impacts are permitted under strict observation.
Administrative authority is vested in the Palau Environmental Quality Protection Board (EQPB), which is responsible for the enforcement of these standards. A significant portion of the regulations is dedicated to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements. This includes detailed procedures for permit applications, public notice and participation, and the monitoring and reporting obligations of permit holders. The instrument also specifies compliance and enforcement measures, granting the EQPB authority to conduct inspections, collect data, and impose penalties for non-compliance with the established water quality standards.