Republic of Serbia Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC).

This publication brought the Republic of Serbia official Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, in relation to the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The greatest impacts of climate change have been observed and impacts of climate reflected in agriculture, hydrology, forestry, human health and change biodiversity sectors. Taking into account the impacts of climate change and the need to reduce the risk thereof, and recognizing the importance of its contribution to global GHG emission reduction, the Republic of Serbia has identified GHG emissions pledges at the national level.
The national objective is defined as a reduction to be implemented in the period between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2030. The goal is a green house gas emission reduction of 9,8% until 2030 compared to base-year (1990). In 2010, the Republic of Serbia, as a developing country, associated with the Copenhagen Accord and in the letter of support expressed readiness for voluntary GHG emission limitation until 2020 by 18% compared to emissions in 1990. The Republic of Serbia, as an EU candidate country, harmonizes national with the EU legislation, contributing on that way additionally to national emissions reduction.
Since 2000 the Republic of Serbia has faced several significant extreme climate and weather episodes that have caused significant material and financial losses as well as losses of human lives. The two most prominent events are the drought in 2012 and the floods in 2014. The drought in 2012 was particularly strong, and contributed to a decrease in yields of some crops by 50%. Estimates show that the droughts in 2000, 2003, 2007 and 2012 caused over 3.5 billion Euros wo1th of damage and the floods in 2014 over 1.5 billion Euros. Estimates show that the material damage incuITed by forest fires in the period 2000-2009 is worth more than 300 million Euros.
Climate change will affect the spatial variation in agroclimatic conditions, the conditions for plant breeding and the selection of suitable varieties. Warming will also affect the phenology of plants, leading to faster development. Certain scenarios for the period 2071-2100 indicate the expected corn yield reduction from -52 to -22% for the whole territory of the Republic Serbia, for conditions without irrigation. The impact on other crop and vegetable varieties can also be expected. As regards biodiversity and natural ecosystems, changes in climate may lead to changes in the phenological cycles; morphological changes, physiology and behavior of species; loss of existing habitats and emergence of new species; changes in the number and distribution of species; increased number of pests and diseases; genetic changes and extinction of species unable to adapt. Impacts of climate change on health are becoming more pronounced in recent years. During the heat wave in July 2007, increased mortality was recorded in Belgrade. Climate change will certainly lead to changes in the distribution and increase in frequency of vectorborne infectious diseases (malaria, dengue fever, West Nile virus, etc.), as well as the spread of infectious diseases through water.