North Darfur State Agriculture and Grazing Organization Law No. 4 of 2013.

This Law, consisting of 12 articles, regulates the following (i) duties of farmers, who must cultivate crops only in the designated agricultural zones; not farm near water sources or block them in any way; harvest all crops by February 7 of each year; protect the environment by all available means; and not burn pastures, and, in case a fire starts, report it immediately and take all necessary steps to put it out; (ii) duties of nomadic shepherds, required to follow specific regulations to ensure smooth passage and environmental protection. They are required to adhere to the designated routes outlined in official maps and report any blockages to a representative or local official. It is their responsibility to control their livestock to prevent them from entering farms and orchards and to adhere to the specified periods for free passage. Additionally, nomads must avoid residing in restricted areas such as villages, farms, or near water sources. Finally, they are obligated to preserve the environment by not cutting down trees or starting fires, and must immediately report any fires that occur to the relevant authorities; (iii) duties of nomad representatives, responsible for managing the movement of nomads and their livestock. Their key responsibilities include disseminating instructions about pasture organization and environmental preservation to their communities and representing nomads in any disputes with farmers. They must also assist in identifying livestock routes and report violations of the law to authorities. Additionally, representatives are required to accompany nomads on their routes to ensure compliance and to coordinate with local civil administration officials when approaching areas with resident farmers; (iv) duties of local Administration, including officials like sheikhs and mayors, responsible for managing livestock routes and resolving disputes within their jurisdiction. Their duties involve removing obstacles on routes to ensure unimpeded passage for herders. If an obstacle cannot be removed, it must be immediately reported to higher authorities. They are also tasked with settling conflicts between herders and farmers based on local customs.
The Law also provides for the following (i) the protection of markers and land, prohibiting the removal, damage, or alteration of any trail markers, and forbidding the cultivation, sale, or purchase of designated trail lands, water resources, pastures, or approved homes; (ii) livestock control, stating that any livestock that strays from a designated trail or enters a farm can be seized and impounded; (iii) the prohibition of activities such as grazing within village boundaries, building hay pens, or farming in restricted areas like water resources, fire lines, or designated trails; (iv) the respect of designated movement dates, which begin in the south on June 1st and in the north on February 7th, unless a change in rainfall necessitates a modification approved by the competent authority; (v) the establishment of new trails, which is only possible with the agreement of the heads of the two concerned civil administrations and the approval of the local authority; (vi) offences and penalties for the violations.