Singapore’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC).

This Singapore’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) is a a nationwide cross-sectoral document. Singapore’s INDC states that it intends to reduce its Emissions Intensity (EI) by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and stabilise its emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030. The INDC also highlights the magnitude of current and future adaptation efforts that Singapore needs to undertake.
Singapore’s INDC states that its 2030 target translates to an emissions intensity reduction of 2.5 per cent annually from 2020 to 2030. In addition, from 2005 to 2020, Singapore’s emissions intensity is already planned to fall by an average of 1.5 per cent annually. Singapore has undertaken early action to switch fuel for power generation from fuel oil to natural gas, which is the least carbon-intensive fossil fuel. Further mitigation efforts will focus on greater energy efficiency and clean energy adoption. Singapore supports continued investment in research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) to reduce the cost of solar PV modules and improve their efficiency. By 2030, it is estimated that renewable energy could potentially contribute up to 8% of Singapore’s peak electricity demand. Alongside efforts to reduce emissions and achieve sustainable development, Singapore is also implementing measures to address sea-level rise and above-average warming temperatures.
Key adaptation measures Singapore is undertaking include those promoting food security. Climate change could potentially result in fluctuations in food supply and prices. As a country that imports over 90% of its food supply, Singapore’s main strategy is to diversify sources for food supply resilience. This is supplemented by limited local production of key food items and rice stockpiling. The Singapore Government encourages food security research and development, and incentivises the adoption of technology to increase productivity and resilience of local farms.
Other key adaptation efforts which are highlighted in the INDC include: Addressing flood risks through drainage improvement works; Enhancing water security through a robust, diversified water supply system containing “The Four National Taps”: namely, local catchment water, imported water, NEWater7 and desalinated water; Protecting the coastline; and Safeguarding biodiversity.