Singapore’s Second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and Accompanying Information.

This Singapore's Second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) outlines its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to between 45 and 50 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2035. It adopts an economy-wide absolute emissions reduction target. The range target takes into consideration the reality that as an alternative-energy disadvantaged island state, Singapore’s pace of decarbonisation depends heavily on developments in nascent mitigation technologies, and international collaboration. It supports Singapore's long-term goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.
Key sectors covered are: Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use, Agriculture, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and Waste. Greenhouse gases covered are: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
The NDC emphasizes international cooperation, technological advancements, and stakeholder engagement. It highlights the importance of regional and global partnerships to enhance climate resilience and accelerate the transition to a low-emission economy. Singapore also continues to study the feasibility of zero- and low-emission technologies, including renewables, low-carbon hydrogen production, and abatement and removal technologies such carbon capture and storage (CCS), particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. Due to Singapore’s climate vulnerabilities, it will pursue comprehensive adaptation efforts to protect its coasts, low-lying areas and communities.