Act on agricultural land.

This Act defines the rules and policies that guide the protection, management, and use of agricultural land. It aims to preserve and improve the productive potential of agricultural soils, ensure sustainable land use, maintain rural landscapes, and support long-term food production and rural development.
The Act provides a clear definition and classification of agricultural land, distinguishing between categories such as permanently protected agricultural land and other agricultural land. This classification is determined through national and municipal spatial planning instruments and is designed to safeguard high-quality farmland from excessive urbanization and infrastructure development. Local authorities are responsible for integrating agricultural land protection into spatial plans, while state authorities oversee the implementation of land protection policies at the national level.
Land use practices and obligations of landowners and users are also regulated. Agricultural land must be cultivated and managed in a way that maintains soil fertility, prevents erosion, and avoids environmental degradation. Measures are included to address abandoned or improperly used agricultural land, ensuring that land remains productive and contributes to the agricultural sector. The Act further introduces provisions concerning land consolidation, reclamation, drainage, irrigation, and other agrarian operations, which aim to improve land productivity and support efficient farming structures.
A significant part of the Act concerns the regulation of transactions involving agricultural land, including purchase, sale, leasing, and inheritance. The Act establishes specific procedures and priority rights in land transactions to ensure that agricultural land remains primarily in the hands of farmers and agricultural producers. These provisions are intended to support viable farm structures, prevent speculative land acquisition, and maintain the long-term agricultural function of farmland.
The Act also outlines the institutional framework for agricultural land governance, assigning responsibilities to the ministry responsible for agriculture, municipal authorities, and other relevant institutions. These bodies are tasked with monitoring land use, maintaining records of agricultural land, implementing land protection policies, and enforcing compliance with legal provisions. Financial mechanisms, including compensation for the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural use, are established to support land protection measures and agricultural land management programs.
Additionally, the law addresses the conversion of agricultural land for infrastructure, development projects, and energy installations, including renewable energy facilities. Such conversions are subject to strict planning procedures and assessments designed to minimize the loss of high-quality farmland.