Somalia's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).

The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions is a nationwide sectoral document prepared by Somalia in line with UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to achieve mitigation and adaption measures to cope with the climate change effects on the country. Main needs are (i) an effective disaster management; (ii) a well warned and informed population; and (iii) a coordinated joint government inter-ministerial plans.
The mitigation and adaptation measures are presented through both (i) the presentation of the renewable energy resources of which Somalia is rich, and (ii) the presentation of 9 INDCs projects to overcome the deforestation and range land degradation due to the increasing charcoal demand produced by the raw materials provided by forests and range resources.
To achieve sustainable development and to contribute in the reduction of Green House Gases (GHG) the document envisages the utilization of renewable energy, including solar, wind, hydro-power and geothermal energy resources. As for the projects, they are mostly cross-sectoral actions to link adaptation interventions and co-benefits in related sectors, such as (i) sustainable land management to build resilient rural livelihoods and enable national food security; (ii) integrated water resources management to ensure water access and supply to vulnerable populations and sectors; (iii) adaptation by reducing risks among vulnerable populations from natural disasters; (iv) sustainable charcoal production to mitigate against deforestation; (v) rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure; (vi) domestication of indigenous and the introduction of economically important plant species; and (vii) marine and coastal environmental governance and management.
To help eliminate hunger and food insecurity, the document envisages (i) integrated land use management; (ii) rehabilitation and reinstatement of degraded ecosystems, in particular range land areas, forests and areas with a high potential for cultivation, to provide sustainable grazing, forestry products, and agriculturally productive zones; (iii) community based (with a focus on pastoralists and farmers) education and awareness measures on climate risks, land management and food production; and (iv) reforestation and rehabilitation of degraded lands for environmental conservation and sustainable production of food and fodder.
In order to make agriculture and forestry more productive and sustainable, main intervention will aim to (i) establish a government-led participatory mechanism for water sector coordination based on IWRM principles, with a specific focus on supporting the livestock and agricultural sectors; (ii) enhance agricultural productivity in order to reduce the expansion of inefficient farming; (iii) collect and monitoring groundwater and surface water resource data; (iv) rehabilitate degraded ecosystems, in particular range land areas, forests and areas with a high potential for cultivation, to provide sustainable grazing, forestry products, and agriculturally productive zones; (v) improve local and export-oriented value chains in agriculture, horticulture, poultry, livestock and fisheries in target communities; and (vi) rehabilitate canals and irrigated farms.
Rural poverty will be tackled through the diversification of rural household income, including agro-forestry based livelihoods models, range land and wildlife protection schemes.
To enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems, the INDC envisages the involvement of local farmers and communities in the planning and the selection of important species in their area for their dissemination and the processing of the products.
The resilience of livelihoods to disasters main interventions will be directed to (i) sustainable land management measures, such as reduce erosion, increase soil fertility, reduce crop losses, reduce burning, enhanced forest, shrub and grazing vegetation; (ii) seasonal early warning system (easily accessible and understandable) and forecasting for farmers, as well as institutional establishment of national early warning system with a focus on climate related risks in areas of high vulnerability; (iii) construction of embankments and check dams to protect flood-prone areas; (iv) physical protection of critical water resources (rivers, springs, wells, groundwater) to provide safe water supply during climate change extreme events; and (v) mitigation against land degradation and desertification through indigenous and introduced plants that grow in the forests and woodlands species, in particular perennial shrubs and trees.
As for the Governance, the INDC suggests to (i) establish relations with regional (east Africa) institutions to promote information exchange and joint action at national and district levels in Somalia; (ii) promote National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)- led coordination and information sharing and disaster risk management and climate risk reduction with key ministries and at a district level; (iii) support government in Somalia as well as countries in the region to produce pertinent legal instruments and strengthen enforcement mechanisms at national, regional and local levels; and (iv) raise awareness among ordinary people.