Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0).

This Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) reaffirms the country’s leadership in global climate action and places climate ambition at the heart of its long-term development vision, in order to set out a transparent, time-bound, and inclusive roadmap that integrates climate action into national development planning. This Nationally Determined Contribution emphasises equity, environmental integrity, and socioeconomic resilience—especially for Indigenous and Tribal Peoples (ITPs), youth, women, and other vulnerable groups. While this NDC 3.0 sets new 2030 and 2035 targets, it preserves the validity of mitigation outcomes, and costly emission reduction efforts. The Contribution focuses on six core objectives: 1) enhancing climate ambition; 2) promoting just transition; 3) accelerating inclusive green growth; 4) conservation of forests and biodiversity; 5) mobilising sustainable climate finance; 6) ensuring effective, transparent implementation. The Contribution details mitigation measures in three emission-intensive sub-sectors (oil and gas, electricity, and transport) and two additional sectors (waste and industrial processes and product use -IPPU) as priorities for phased decarbonisation. Particularly, the Contribution focuses on: upstream emission regulation and methane controls, diversification of renewable energy and natural gas utilisation, promoting hybrid vehicles for private use, fuel economy standards, and enhancing public transport systems, solid waste management, landfill gas capture, refrigerant control and industrial process emissions reduction, strengthening land use planning, agroforestry and erosion control.
Concerning adaptation measures and climate resilience, the Contribution focuses on: water security and sanitation measures, expanding access to safe drinking water, improving water governance and implementing integrated water resource management, reducing flood risks; agriculture and food systems through the promotion of climate-smart agriculture and resilient crop varieties, strengthening indigenous food systems, agroforestry, and local seed diversity, enhancing irrigation efficiency and protecting soils against erosion; strengthening health systems to withstand climate-related shocks; developing early warning systems for heatwaves and vector-borne diseases; ecosystem and biodiversity, through the restoration of mangroves, wetlands, and degraded forest landscapes, integration of nature-based solutions into land-use and coastal planning, expansion of protected areas and enhancement of ecosystem services for resilience; strengthening social protection measures, cultural heritage and traditional knowledge initiatives.