Sao Tome and Principe Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) September 2015.

Sao Tome and Principe adaptation measures are aimed at improving the country's ability to adapt to the adverse consequences of CC, thus contributing to the country's development. The rationale for the inclusion of the adaptation component in the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) takes into consideration that the country is already a sink of greenhouse gases. In addition, the country shows vulnerability and fragility conditions as a developing small island state, for which the negative impacts of CC are evident in all sectors of the national economy, such as: Agriculture and Livestock; Forest and Soil; Water, Energy and Fishing; Coastal Zone and Population; Health and Education.
Depending on the future availability of financial, technological and capacity-building support provided by the international community, the country plans in short and medium terms to implement the following actions: 1. Strengthening the National Service of Civil Protection and Fire, by 2025 to respond to fire and other environmental disasters, increasing resilience to climate change and contributing to social well-being; 2. Reduce the number of people living in vulnerable areas at risk, by providing housing in safer areas; 3. Develop a national program for sustainable management of the forest and agro forestry ecosystems by 2025; 4. Introduce radar reflectors on board all fishing vessels by 2025, reducing the number of accidents at sea; 5. Train and equip fishermen with means to enable safe fishing and train them in the proper use of fishing gear.
In the medium and long terms, Sao Tome and Principe will be conditionally committed to implement the following activities, depending on the availability of financial, technological and capacity-building support, from the international community: 1. Reduce the illegal and indiscriminate felling of trees by 15%, by 2030; 2. Develop scientific and technical research on adaptation of new productive crop varieties with a broad spectrum of tolerance to adverse climate impacts by 2030; 3. Promote forestry / planting of species resistant to dry and low rainfall by 2030; 4. Improve pasture with grazing selection by applying rotation management of the of plots by 2030; 5. Increase the resilience to erosion and maritime, river and storm flooding of coastal areas through improved Coastal Protection for vulnerable communities; 6. Reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture by 2030. To achieve these objectives specific projects were identified and listed in the NAPA, which implementation require external financial support in addition to technological support and capacity building.
Pak-INDC broadly articulates the major challenges faced by the country, which are likely to intensify in future as a result of climate-induced variability and natural disasters. Actions already underway for reducing GHG emissions and adaptation by way of managing disasters and building resilience capacities are also enunciated. These actions represent Pakistan’s contribution to the global effort towards meeting the ultimate UNFCCC objectives (pag. 5). There is widespread potential for mitigation in all sectors of the national economy. Based on a review of existing literature and available secondary data, an estimation of overall mitigation potential has been reached presenting options for mitigation in different sectors, such as, Energy: an overview of mitigation potential and mitigation options in two key emission-generating sectors of the economy are presented in the document. Mitigation Options in Agriculture Sector, focusing on ensuring food security and poverty alleviation for a continuously increasing population. Greenhouse Gas Inventory; Land Use Change and Forestry; Waste; Land Use Change and Forestry; Industrial Processes, etc. (pags. 16-26).