Nationally Determined Contribution.

This updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is a nationwide sectoral document, in line with Article 4 of the Paris Agreement, representing an incremental contribution beyond the current efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions economy-wide between 30-35% relative to the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario by 2030. For this purpose, the country is committed to embark on a sustainable development pathway and undertake mitigation measures based on national circumstances and capabilities. Two documents, the National Climate Change Response Strategy (2021) and the Zanzibar Climate Change Strategy (2014) have been already developed to enhance adaptive capacity to climate change and promote adaptation action in order to support long-term climate resilience of social systems and ecosystems and to enhance participation in climate change mitigation activities to contribute to international efforts while ensuring sustainable development. These two strategies were instrumental in the formulation of this Tanzania NDC. Adaptation targets by 2030 are (i) increased access to clean and safe water for the total population in urban and rural areas from 86% and 67.7% respectively in 2015 to 100% by 2030; (ii) reduced impacts of sea-level rise to the island and coastal communities, infrastructure and ecosystems including mangroves; (iii) consider the impacts of climate change in development planning at all levels. As for the mitigation contributions, they are as follows (i) reduce greenhouse gas emissions economy-wide between 30-35% relative to the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario; (ii) reduce about 138 - 153 million tons of carbon dioxide. Priority mitigation sectors are energy, transport, forestry, and waste management.
To make agriculture more productive and sustainable, the measures to be taken are (i) upscaling the level of improvement of agricultural land and water resources management; (ii) increasing productivity in an environmentally sustainable way through, inter alia, climate-smart agriculture interventions; (iii) strengthening research; (iv) strengthening knowledge systems, extension services and agricultural infrastructure to target climate actions, including using climate services and local knowledge; (v) promoting local and modern climate resilience knowledge for sustainable pasture and rangeland management systems and practices; (vi) enhancing climate resilience livestock infrastructures and services; (vii) promoting livelihood diversification of livestock keepers; (viii) enhancing livestock productivity through climate-smart interventions; (ix) strengthening livestock research and development; (x) strengthening forestry research and development to promote resilience to climate stress and implement participatory forest management programs; (xi) increasing productivity in an environmentally sustainable way through inter alia climate-smart fisheries and aquaculture interventions, and extension services and technologies.
Rural poverty, from the point of view of climate change, can be tackled by promoting climate-smart rural electrification and reducing the consumption of charcoal.
To enhance more inclusive and efficient agricultural systems, the document aims to (i) promote accessible mechanisms for smallholder farmers and livestock keepers against climate-related shocks, including crop insurances; (ii) enhance participatory sustainable forest and wildlife management and protection; (iii) promote accessible mechanisms for small-holder fishers and farmers against climate-related shocks, including insurances. The document includes gender considerations and aims to (i) enhance gender equity in climate change adaptation action; (ii) promote measures to address negative impacts of climate change on young people, women, old and other groups facing inequality, including people with disabilities.
An increased resilience of livelihoods to disasters can be achieved through interventions in the following areas (i) ecosystem services; (ii) energy systems and energy diversification; (iii) management of coastal and marine resources, monitoring systems, and sustainable livelihood diversification for coastal communities; (iv) early warning systems of both sea level rise impacts and extreme weather events; (v) climate-smart integrated water resources management, sustainable wastewater management and innovations, together with mechanisms for assessment, monitoring and management of water and wastewater quality; (vi) climate resilience investment and suitable water supply technologies and infrastructure for sanitation and hygiene services; (vii) sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources; (viii) development, management, and equitable utilization of trans-boundary water resources; (ix) resilient land use planning and management; (x) early warning systems for climate-sensitive disease outbreaks and risk assessment of climate change risks on human health; (xi) climate proofing of existing and new critical infrastructure for the relevant sectors; (xii) integrated disaster risk management; (xiii) greater use of natural gas and harnessing renewable energy sources; (xiv) waste management system; (xv) reduced consumption of charcoal in urban and rural areas (xvi) use of renewable (clean) energy in transportation systems.
As for Governance, it includes sectoral policies and national laws relevant for ensuring effective delivery of stipulated commitments, as well as institutional arrangement that mandate organizations to engage with financial, technological, and capacity building suppliers to enable the actions to be implemented. The institutional arrangement comprises of the following key institutions: (i) the Vice President’s Office (VPO), responsible for monitoring and evaluation of the overall implementation of the NDC; (ii) the National Climate Change Steering Committee (NCCSC) and Zanzibar Climate Change Steering Committee (ZCCSC), responsible for guiding the coordination and implementation of the NDC; (iii) the National Climate Change Technical Committee (NCCTC) and Zanzibar Climate Change Technical Committee (ZCCTC), responsible for providing technical advice.