Penal Code (Cap. 120).

The Penal Code (Cap. 120) establishes a framework of criminal law, defining offences, principles of liability, and applicable penalties. It sets out rules on territorial jurisdiction and applicability of courts, and codifies general principles of criminal responsibility, including intent, mistake of fact, insanity, intoxication, compulsion, and defences relating to person and property. The Act regulates participation in crime and prescribes punishments for felonies and misdemeanours. It covers a spectrum of offences, including crimes against the State, public order, administration of justice, morality, person, liberty and property, as well as offences involving fraud, corruption, public authority, and public order disturbances.
The Act criminalizes the adulteration and sale of noxious food and drugs, and acts harmful to environmental resources such as the fouling of water and air, thereby protecting public health and environmental quality. The Act addresses offences affecting agricultural production and assets, including destruction or burning of crops and cultivated plants, negligent or unlawful fires affecting land, and damage to agricultural infrastructure and machinery. It also provides for offences against livestock and animals, including theft of cattle and cattle rustling, killing animals with intent to steal, and the spread of infectious diseases to animals, as well as general provisions on theft and illicit use of animals. Additional relevant provisions include offences related to land and resource management, such as removal of boundary marks, offences involving water bodies and irrigation-related structures, and public nuisance provisions affecting land use.