Agreement concerning the Barro Colorado Island, concluded pursuant to article VI of the Convention of 12 October 1940 on nature protection and wildlife preservation in the Western hemisphere.

The agreement between the United States and Panama regarding the Barro Colorado Nature Monument designates the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute as the custodian responsible for preserving and protecting the Nature Monument, which includes Barro Colorado Island and surrounding areas. The Institute is granted authority to manage scientific activities, control access, and enforce regulations within the Monument. Panama agrees to provide land use licenses to allow the Institute to carry out its custodial duties. The agreement specifies that the Institute's role as custodian will continue after the Panama Canal Treaty terminates, subject to certain conditions. It also outlines procedures for modifying the agreement and resolving any disputes between the parties. The agreement was signed in Washington D.C. on September 7, 1977 through an exchange of diplomatic notes between representatives of the U.S. and Panamanian governments.