Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) under UNFCCC.

Yemen’s INDC, prepared in line with decision 1/CP.20, focuses on adaptation to climate change in vulnerable sectors such as water, agriculture, and coastal areas. The document emphasizes the need for international collaboration, including financial support and capacity building, to address climate-induced vulnerabilities and strengthen resilience. The INDC sets a 14% GHG emission reduction target by 2030 below the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, totaling an estimated 35 MtCO2-eq from 2020–2030, with 1% unconditional and 13% conditional reductions. Unconditional measures are already funded and under implementation, aiming to increase renewable energy access and reduce emissions. Conditional measures, dependent on international support, target multiple sectors (i) Energy: improving efficiency, adopting combined-cycle and combined heat-and-power systems, expanding renewable energy for rural and grid-connected generation (solar, wind, geothermal, landfill gas), and switching to natural gas; (ii) Residential and commercial: energy-efficiency programs, solar water heaters, and solar-driven cooling; (iii) Transport and industry: adoption of energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy solutions; (iv) Agriculture: solar-powered irrigation and improved land management to reduce methane; (v) Water and waste: methane capture and renewable energy-based desalination. The INDC also outlines provisional adaptation and mitigation needs, noting that further studies are required to assess climate-related losses, risks, and measures to accelerate implementation under current conditions in Yemen.
Implemented or ongoing adaptation measures include (i) National early warning system and climate vulnerability assessments; (ii) Pilot Project for Climate Resilience (PPCR) addressing climate services, coastal zone management, and rural livelihoods; (iii) Agricultural and rural development programs targeting smallholder productivity, rural growth, rain-fed agriculture, and community climate resilience; (iv) Biodiversity conservation initiatives; (v) UNFCCC reporting and compliance through national communications and update reports. Proposed measures to address climate vulnerabilities include (i) Scaling up rainwater harvesting to reduce water shortages; (ii) Promoting drought management, sustainable crop, and livestock practices; (iii) Implementing proper land and natural resource management programs; (iv) Integrating livelihoods with ecosystem preservation; (v) Disaster risk management, including flood and drought preparedness; (vi) Capacity building for integrated coastal and marine resources management; (vii) Awareness raising and institutional capacity development for planning, programming, monitoring, and resource mobilization to enhance climate resilience.