Any effect caused by a proposed activity on the environment, including on human health and safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate, landscape and historical monuments or other physical structures or the interaction among those factors. It also includes effects on cultural heritage or socioeconomic conditions resulting from alterations to those factors. Source: Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo Convention), art.1 (vii).* *This term is included in the glossary of key terms prepared for the work of the intergovernmental negotiating committee to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, under the category 'Terms used in Environment Assembly resolution 5/14 that have definitions adopted or endorsed by an intergovernmental process'. See UNEP/PP/INC.1/6.