Environmental Management and Co-ordination (Air Quality) Regulations, 2014

First Schedule (r 5,6, 7,10,11,33,38)

Ambient air quality tolerance limits

Second Schedule (r6,10, 14,25, 35,37,75)

Priority air pollutants

Third Schedule (r 8,14,15,16,35,36,64)

Emission limits for controlled and non-controlled facilities

And any othcr parameter as may be prescribed by the Authority time-to timeLegendSF: SuphurFuel* 1.5-3.0% only justified by project specific considerations i.e. add secondary treatment to meet levels of 1,5o/o Sulphur** dependent on water availability for injectionCI: Compression IgnitionSI: Spark IgnitionDF: Dual FuelDA: Degraded AreaNDA: Non-degraded AreaThe chimney or stack should have a minimum height of 10 metres above ground level and clear the highest of the building by not less than 3 metres for all roofs. The topography and height of adjacent buildings within 50 metres radius should be taken into account.Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) is the sum of the toxic equivalent factois (TEF) of a mixture congeners contained in a compound. The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) was assigned a TEF of 1 after being identified, by International Association of Radiology and Cancer (IARC) and World Health Organisation (WHO), as the most toxic of all compounds, and as carcinogenic to humans, based mainly on studies of cases involving accidental or occupational heavy exposure. Therefore the TEF is a weighting factor.g - gramµg - microgramkg-kilogram (1,000g)mg - milligramµg - microgramm³ - cubic metreppm - Parts per milliont - tonne

Fourth Schedule (r 8,60,)

Fifth schedule (r4, 10, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23, 31, 36, 48, 59, 60, 61, 63, 66, 67, 70, 71 ,72,73)

General guidelines

Part I – Exempted equipment and activities

a)Air pollutant detector, air pollutant recorder, combustion controller or combustion shut-off.

b)Air conditioning or comfort ventilating systems.

c)Vacuum cleaning systems used exclusively for office applications or residential housekeeping.

d)Ventilating or exhaust systems for print storage room cabinets.

e)Exhaust systems for controlling steam and heat.

f)Maintenance, repair, or replacement in kind of equipment for which a permit to operate has been issued.

g)Equipment which emits only nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and/or water vapour.

h)Ventilating or exhaust systems used in eating establishments where food is prepared for the purpose of consumption.

i)Equipment used to liquefy or separate oxygen, nitrogen or the rare gases from the air.

j)Fireworks display.

k)Outdoor painting and sand blasting equipment.

l)Lawnmowers, tractors, farm equipment and construction equipment.

m)Fire schools or fire fighting training.

n)Residential wood burning stoves and wood burning fireplaces.

o)Buildings, cabinets, and facilities used for storage of chemicals in closed containers.

p)Sewage treatment facilities.

q)Water treatment units.

r)Inactive waste water treatment systems.

s)Non-contact water cooling towers (water that has not been in direct contact with process fluids).

t)Laundry dryers, extractors, or tumblers used for fabrics cleaned with a water solution of bleach or detergents.

u)Equipment used for hydraulic or hydrostatic testing.

v)Blueprint copiers and photographic processes.

w)Inorganic acid storage tanks equipped with an emission control device.

x)Any fuel burning equipment used exclusively for providing domestic electrical power of a capacity not greater than 8KVA.

Part II – Guideline on conversion factors

a)ppm to mg/m3 - airThe conversion between ppm and mg/m³ is dependent on both the molecular weight of the substance and the temperature at which the conversion is made. The assumption is that the pollutant behaves as an ideal gas and as such, 1 mole of the substance occupies 22.4 litres at standard temperature (273K) and pressure (101.3 kPa). This is consistent with normalised concentrations, and it is therefore not normally necessary to take account of the temperature or pressure difference in the conversion. However, when converting ppm to mg/m3 at actual discharge conditions, it is important to take account of the necessary factors.To convert from ppm to mg/m³, the following formula should be used:mg/m³ = ppm x (MW/22.4) x (273/T) x (P/10L3)Where MW is the molecular weight of the substance (in grams)T is the temperature at which the conversion is to be made (degrees Kelvin)P is the pressure at which the conversion is to be made (kPa)To convert from mg/m³ to ppm, the following formulae should be used:ppm = mg/m³ x (22.4/MW) x (T/273) x (101.3/P)

Part III – Factors to be considered when setting ambient air quality limits

These factors include:

(1)Degree of exposure of sectors of the population, and in Particular sensitive sub-groups.

(2)Climatic conditions and meteorology.

(3)Sensitivity of flora and fauna and their habitats.

(4)Historic heritage exposed to pollutants.

(5)Transboundary movement.

Part IV – Emission reduction measures of dark smoke from chimneys

1)Avoid overloading burners with fuel oil.

2)Use the correct fuel to air ratio by proper adjustment of the air and fuel supplies.

3)Avoid flame impingement on any cold surface.

4)Avoid carbon build-up in the boiler and furnace tubes and maintain the boiler and furnace settings in good condition.

5)Clean the burner at regular intervals and remove the carbon deposits from the nozzle with soft article after soaking, the nozzle in Kerosene.

6)Use the correct atomizing nozzle and atomizing pressure.

7)Check for worn or distorted Parts of the burner and replace the damaged Parts.

8)Allow sufficient time in lighting up the burners from cold and adopt the correct start-up procedures as recommended by the burner manufacturers.

9)Keep the mesh at the inlet of the air blower clear at all times

Part V – Guideline on emissions report format—

The emissions report format shall include:—

(a)an estimate of the emissions for the relevant calendar year; and

(b)all the data applicable to the emissions sources, in respect of the licensed facility.

(c)Estimates of annual emissions shall be made based on the following methods, in order of preference—

(1)continuous emission monitoring data;

(2)calculation of SO2 emissions based on fuel use and sulphur content data including combustion processes in which exhaust gases do not come in contact with products;

(3)most recent and representative stack monitoring measurements conducted in the previous five years and activity data for the year for which emissions are estimated;

(4)emission factor or equivalent methods and activity data for the year;

(5)emission factor or equivalent methods and plant capacity data;

(6)mass balance (including fuel use data) based on the two previous years or the most recent representative year;

(7)other approved methods supported by calculation and documentation, and the procedures set out in the guideline document.

Part VI — measures or operating procedures to control fugitive emissions

The following measures or operating procedures may be used to control fugitive emissions:—

(a)from storage piles through use of enclosures, covers or stabilisation, minimising the slope of the upwind face of the pile, confining as much pile activity as possible to the downwind side of the pile and such other methods or techniques as are approved by the Authority

(b)by enclosing, covering, watering, or otherwise treating loaded haul trucks and railroad cars, or limiting size of loads, to minimise loss of material to wind and spillage

(c)by minimising the area of disturbed land or tailings

(d)by planting special wind break vegetation at critical points

(e)by prompt removal of coal, rock minerals, soil, and other dust-forming debris from paved roads and scraping and compaction of unpaved roads to stabilise the road surface as often as necessary to minimise re-entrainment of fugitive Particulate matter from the road surface

(f)by minimising the period of time between initially disturbing the soil and re-vegetating or other surface

(g)by restricting the areas to be blasted at any one time

(h)by restricting the speed of vehicles in or around mining, tailing or quarrying operations

(i)by re-vegetating, mulching, or otherwise stabilising the surface of all areas adjoining roads that are a source of fugitive Particulate emissions

(j)by substituting covered conveyor systems for haul trucks

(k)by using synthetic or re-vegetative covers

(l)by restricting vehicular travel to established paved roads

(m)by watering or chemical stabilisation of unpaved roads as often as necessary to minimise reentrainment of fugitive Particulate matter from the road surface, or paving of roads

Where "fugitive emission" means an emission that cannot or is not reasonably likely to pass through a stack, chimney, vent or other functionally equivalent opening;

Part VII – Opacity measurement guidelines

The darkness of smoke is determined by comparing the shade of smoke to the shades on a Ringelmann Chart which consists of four squares with grids, which denoted shade 1 to shade 4. The darkness covered in each of these four squares represents twenty percent, fourty percent, sixty percent and eighty percent opacity respectively. Ringelmann shade O is completely white and shade 5 is totally black. Therefore, Ringelmann shade 1 corresponds to smoke of twenty percentopacity.The regulations stipulate that dark smoke emission from any chimney or relevant plant must not exceed: -

i)8 minutes in any period of four hours; or

ii)3 minutes continuously at any one time.

Part VIII – Guideline on sources offugitive emission air pollutants

The following are the sources of fugitive emissions:

(a)construction activities;

(b)storage and handling, including loading and unloading, of materials such as bauxite, alumina, gypsum, or Portland cement or the raw materials therefore;

(c)mining and quarrying activities;

(d)haul roads;

(e)haul trucks;

(f)tailings piles and ponds;

(g)demolition activities;

(h)blasting activities; and

(i)Sandblasting operations.

(n)wind breaks; and

(o)the paving of roads.

(p)conveyor belts

Part IX – Occupational air quality guidelines

The owner or operator shall control the exposure to employees by: -

1)limiting the amount of harmful substances used which may pollute the indoor environment;

2)limiting the number of employees who will be exposed or may be exposed;

3)limiting the period during which an employee will be exposed or may be exposed;

4)introducing engineering control measures for the control of exposure, which may include the following:

a.Process separation, automation or enclosure;

b.Installation of local extraction ventilation systems to process and equipment;

c.tools for the control of emission of an air borne hazardous substances;

d.Use of wet methods; and

e.Substituting hazardous substances with less hazardous ones

5)Providing suitable respiratory protective breathing equipment.

6Where respiratory protective equipment is provided, the employer shall ensure-

a)that the relevant equipment is capable of controlling the exposure to below the Occupational Exposure Level for the relevant harmful substance;

b)that the relevant equipment is correctly selected and properly used;

C)that information, instructions, training and supervision which is necessary with regard to the use of the equipment is known to the employees; and

d)that the equipment is kept in good condition and efficient working order.

Part X: Guideline on NOxs

a)Existing fuel burning equipment shall be presumed to meet the definition of BestAvailable Technology if the owner or operator proves to the satisfaction of the Authority that the emission levels in the Third Schedule can be met.

b)If the owner or operator does not prove as described in paragraph (a) of this section, Best Available Technology shall be installed by the owner with the goal of achieving the presumptive emission limits as set forth in the Third Schedule.

c)If actual achievable emission levels following installation of such combustion modification technology are greater than the presumptive emission limits in the Third Schedule these actual emission levels will become Best Available Technology for those sources.

d)If the owner or operator does not comply with paragraphs a or b of this section, alternative NO control technology and emission X limitation proposals shall be required and approved by the Authority.

e)Compliance with the emission levels as determined above is based upon twenty-four hour rolling averaging period, Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems approved by the Authority will be used.

Part XI – guideline on contents of a compliance plan

A compliance plan shall include:—

(a)a description of the current compliance status of the facility with respect to all applicable requirements, including all sources that exceed emission standards or targets or are predicted to exceed ambient air quality monitoring locations at which ambient air quality standards or guideline concentrations are exceeded, and any other administrative or other requirements that have not been satisfied;

(b)a statement of the methods used to determine the facility's compliance status, including a description of all monitoring, record keeping, reporting and test methods, and any other information necessary to verify compliance with or to enforce applicable requirements;

(c)a statement that the facility will continue to comply with each applicable requirement in respect of which compliance is currently achieved at the facility; and

(d)in respect of each applicable requirement for which compliance is not currently achieved at the facility -

(i)a detailed statement of how the facility will achieve compliance;

(ii)a proposed compliance schedule setting forth the remedial measures to be taken, including a sequence of actions with milestones leading to compliance;

(iii)if the facility is subject to a control order, the proposed schedule of remedial measures shall incorporate the order and shall be at least as stringent as the order;

(iv)a schedule for submission of progress reports to the Authority at least once in every six months or more frequently if so required by the licence; and

(v)a schedule for the submission of compliance reports to the Authority, at least once in every six months or more frequently if so required by the licence, indicating what, if any, progress has been made in relation to the schedule and the milestones.

Part XII – Guideline for assessment of air quality

(1)Such assessments, firstly, shall establish actual levels of the given pollutants based on representative measurements, surveys or assessments.

(2)For areas where actual levels of a given pollutant are above the standard values stipulated for that pollutant, the preliminary assessment shall include the following:

a)establish source contributions to ambient air concentrations of the pollutant of concern;

b)characterize future trends in ambient air concentrations of the pollutant of concern givena “business as usual” scenario;

c)identify emission reduction measures suited to reduce contributions from major sources and associated time frames for implementation;

d)assess the environmental benefit of measures to reduce and maintain air quality within limit values;

e)determine the technical feasibility of measures to reduce and maintain air quality within limit values;

f)evaluate the economic viability of measures to reduce and maintain air quality within limit values;

g)assess the social acceptability and policy applicability measures to reduce and maintain air quality within standard values;

h)prioritize emission reduction measures on the basis of their environmental benefits, technical feasibility, economic viability, and social acceptability;

i)determine the time required to reduce air pollutant concentrations to fall within the standard values taking into account the implementation of prioritized emission reduction measures.

Part XIII – guideline on results of emissions sampling and analysis

Results of emissions sampling and analysis shall be as follows:-

(1)Results of emissions sampling and analysis shall be expressed in metric units consistent with the emission standards or targets set out in these Regulations or in the conditions, if any, imposed in the relevant licence.

(2)Measurements of emissions into the atmosphere from stacks, vents or other air pollutant sources, which are reported to the Authority whether voluntarily or as a requirement of these Regulations or of any condition of a licence, shall be reported to the Authority in the form of a test report that includes the following information -

(a)the testing methods and results, certified as being true, accurate, and in compliance with these Regulations by the person responsible for conducting the emissions test;

(b)the name and location of the facility, the name and location of the source tested, the purpose of the tests, the test Participants and their titles, and the date of the performance test;

(c)a summary of the results, setting out emission rates for each pollutant and a comparison with applicable emission standards or targets and with any emission limits in the licence;

(d)a description of the facility tested and the type of process and control equipment utilised;

(e)a description of the process sampled and associated emission control devices referenced to process, and locations at which sampling took place consistent with information provided in the relevant licence application or licence, as the case may be;

(f)a schematic of each location sampled including duct diameter, direction of flow, dimensions to nearest upstream and downstream disturbances, including the number of duct diameters, location and configuration of the sampling ports, nipple length and port diameters, and the number and configuration of traverse points;

(g)confirmation that sampling locations meet the criteria in the test methods set out in the Fifth Schedule, or the reasons why those locations do not meet such criteria and a discussion of the effect on results;

(h)a discussion of special traversing or measurement schemes (if any);

(i)a process flow diagram, maximum design capacities, a fuel analysis and heat value for heat input rate determinations, process and control equipment operating conditions, stack height, exit diameter, volumetric flow rate, exit temperature, exit velocity and a discussion of variations from normal plant operations;

(j)a description of the sampling methods used;

(k)a brief discussion of the analytical procedures, with justifications for any variance from prescribed method procedures;

(l)the number of sampling points, time per point and the total sampling time per run;

(m)a cross-sectional diagram showing sampling points and a diagram of the sampling train;

(n)a diagram showing stack dimensions, sampling location and the distance from the nearest flow disturbance upstream and downstream, respectively, of the sampling points;

(o)results and calculations in units consistent with the applicable emission limits with one complete calculation using actual data for each type of test performed;

(p)the tabulated data and results of the process weight rate or heat input rate in metric units, the referenced or derived conversion factors, the stack gas flow rate, the measured emissions given in units consistent with the applicable emission limits, the visible emissions observations or six consecutive minute average continuous opacity monitor readings, and the average value of emissions from any continuous gaseous emissions monitoring system in units consistent with applicable emission limits;

(q)quality assurance procedures;

(r)appendices with raw data and details of calculations, including -

(i)raw production data signed by the source official;

(ii)photocopies of all raw data;

(iii)a chain of custody report; and

(iv)copies of all calibration data;

(s)for Particulate matter tests, copies of visible emissions evaluations or opacity monitor readings, and, for gaseous pollutant tests, copies of any continuous gaseous emissions monitoring system readings during the tests.

Part XIV – Guideline on minimum stack height

Hg = Good Engineering Practice stack height measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stackH = Height of nearby structure(s) above the base of the stackL= Lesser dimension, height (h) or width (w), of nearby structures'Nearby Structures' = Structures within/touching a radius of 5L but less than 800m

Sixth schedule (r11)

List of Controlled Areas

Seventh schedule (r16,72)

Acceptable Emission Control Technologies

Eighth, Ninth & Tenth Schedule

Forms

Eleventh schedule (r24,52,53,54,55,57,.)

Methods of test and measurement of air pollutants

Twelfth schedule

Acceptalble mobile emission control technologies

Thirteenth schedule

FEES

Fourteenth schedule

List of controlled facilities