Government Regulation (PP) No. 48 of 2025 concerning the Regulation of Abandoned Areas and Land

This Government Regulation establishes the legal and administrative framework for the identification, declaration, inventory, and control of abandoned lands and zones across the national territory of Indonesia. The primary objective of the instrument is to optimize the utilization, cultivation, and management of all land resources to ensure they fulfill their social functions, support national economic development, and contribute directly to the achievement of state programs concerning sustainable food security and public welfare.
The regulation applies to specific categories of functional zones and land titles that are intentionally or neglectfully left uncultivated or unused. Abandoned zones encompass designated areas that have been granted development or utilization licenses but lack field implementation, including mining, industrial, tourism, and large-scale residential areas. Abandoned lands specifically target formal land rights, including Right to Cultivate (HGU), Right to Build (HGB), and Right to Use (HP), where holders fail to perform required physical or economic activities within the legally specified timelines following the allocation of the titles.
The enforcement process follows a structured administrative procedure managed by the Minister responsible for agrarian and land affairs. The identification phase involves technical surveys, mapping, and inspections to verify the status of land use. If an infraction is confirmed, the authorities must issue three consecutive written warnings (Warnings I, II, and III). Failure of the title holder or concessionaire to comply or clear the land within the designated warning periods results in the formal declaration of the land as abandoned, leading to administrative penalties.
The final provisions govern the legal consequences and future utilization of the controlled lands. Upon the formal declaration of abandonment, the existing land titles or utilization licenses are partially or entirely revoked, and the legal relationship between the former holder and the land is terminated. The control of these lands is transferred back to the State, which may allocate them directly to the Land Bank or re-distribute them to support agrarian reform programs, public housing projects, transmigration, and the development of sustainable agricultural food lands.