Law No. 370-V “On commercial activity”.

This Law establishes the legal, economic, and organizational foundations for trade activities. It defines key concepts such as wholesale and retail trade, public catering, trade services, trade objects, and trade participants, and sets out the main objectives of state trade policy. These objectives include ensuring free competition, protecting consumers’ rights and interests, supporting domestic producers, guaranteeing fair pricing, and creating favorable conditions for the availability of goods and services. The Law applies to trade activities carried out within the national territory, while excluding certain areas such as foreign economic activity, commodity exchanges, real estate transactions, and specific regulated energy products.
The Law regulates the state management of trade by defining the roles and powers of the Cabinet of Ministers, authorized state bodies, and local authorities. It outlines mechanisms of regulation such as licensing, certification, price controls for selected goods, state supervision, and anti-monopoly measures. Detailed provisions govern the organization of trade infrastructure, types of trade (wholesale, retail, public catering), forms of trade (including distance selling, fairs, vending machines, and mobile trade), and requirements for trade facilities, including food markets, food outlets and the delivery of ready-made food to the population. The Law also establishes the State Trade Register as a unified information system containing data on trade entities and trade objects.
Further provisions set out mandatory requirements for goods circulating on the internal market, including food quality and safety, labelling, including information on the absence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), certification, storage, and transportation rules, as well as prohibitions on selling unsafe or improperly documented goods. The Law specifies the rights and obligations of trade entities, rules for advertising, pricing, sales promotions, and contractual relations in retail and wholesale trade. It also addresses consumer protection, labor relations in the trade sector, state and public oversight, liability for violations, and procedures for dispute resolution.