16 USC - Chapter 62 - African Elephant Conservation - § 4201-4246.

The purpose of this Chapter is to protect African elephants. It addresses the large illegal trade in African elephant ivory which is the major cause of the decline of elephant populations in Africa and threat to the continued existence of the African elephant. A special fund is authorised to provide assistance to African governments for elephant research and conservation. The Secretary of the Interior is directed to review existing elephant conservation programs in Africa. Criteria are established for declaring and removing moratoria on ivory imports from source countries and from intermediary countries based upon the results of these reviews. Import of sport-hunted African elephant trophies is exempted from any moratoria imposed by the Secretary, but export of raw ivory is prohibited. Extensive investigation into elephant conservation and ivory trade is required, with a report to be submitted to Congress each year. Also a comprehensive report to Congress is required concerning the effectiveness of the related Act. Criminal and civil penalties and enforcement procedures are defined. Circumstances for permitting the import and export of ivory are outlined, and rewards may be provided for information.