Law on energy.

This Law defines the statutory framework for the energy sector in the Republic of Serbia, governing the production, transmission, distribution, and supply of electricity, natural gas, and thermal energy. It outlines the objectives of national energy policy, emphasizing the long-term security of supply, the development of a competitive energy market, and the integration of renewable energy sources. The Law also sets out the technical and operational conditions for energy infrastructure and the legal requirements for energy entities to perform their activities through a system of licensing and permits.
Central to this legal structure are the Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia (AERS) and the Republic Commission for Energy Networks. These bodies are tasked with price regulation, monitoring market behavior, and ensuring non-discriminatory access to transmission and distribution systems. The Law mandates the functional and legal separation of system operators from production and supply activities to prevent monopolies and ensure transparency. This structural independence is designed to safeguard competition and allow third-party access to the national energy networks under regulated conditions.
The Law provides extensive detail on the organization of the electricity and natural gas markets, defining the roles of producers, suppliers, and various types of customers. It introduces different market mechanisms, including organized day-ahead and intraday markets, balancing responsibility, and the rights of "active customers" who both consume and produce energy. Furthermore, it establishes the legal basis for the development of nuclear energy, outlining the preliminary administrative and safety foundations required for such energy sources within the national grid.
Infrastructure development and the protection of energy facilities are treated as matters of public interest. The Law regulates the planning, construction, and reconstruction of energy plants, as well as the ownership rights over the networks. It sets specific standards for the reliability and quality of energy delivery, requiring system operators to maintain and expand the grid to meet shifting demand. Provisions are also included for the promotion of energy efficiency and the transition toward decarbonized energy systems through various incentive schemes and technical requirements.
Finally, the Law addresses the rights of energy consumers, with a particular focus on "vulnerable customers" who are entitled to special protections regarding pricing and disconnection. It outlines the procedures for changing energy suppliers, billing transparency, and dispute resolution between customers and energy entities. The framework is rounded out by comprehensive supervision and penalty provisions, granting the relevant ministry and inspections the authority to monitor compliance and sanction violations of the established technical and commercial rules.The provisions of this Law, in relation to the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, shall be interpreted and applied in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 and the Law on Ratification of the Treaty establishing the Energy Community.