Law No. 492-FZ “On biological safety”.

This Federal Law establishes the grounds for state regulation in the field of ensuring biological safety in the Russian Federation and defines a complex of measures aimed at the protection of the population and the environment from the effects of hazardous biological factors, prevention of biological threats (hazards) and the creation and development of a system of monitoring of biological risks. Biological safety shall be intended the state of protection of the population and the environment from the effects of biological hazards, which provides an acceptable level of biological risk. Biological security shall be intended a set of measures to ensure biological safety implemented in order to prevent or mitigate adverse effects of biological hazards on humans, animals and plants. Biosafety is based on the following principles: (a) protection of the health of citizens and the environment from the impact of hazardous biological factors; (b) combination of the interests and responsibilities of the individual, society and the state in the field of ensuring biological safety; (c) correspondence of measures of state regulation in the field of ensuring biological safety to the existing biological threats (risks), as well as systematic approach in implementation of measures aimed at ensuring of biological safety; (d) increase of public awareness related to the issues of biological safety; (e) protection, reproduction and rational use of natural resources as a prerequisite to ensure biological safety; (f) presumption of biological hazard of planned economic and other activities at potentially hazardous biological sites; (g) timely response to emerging biological threats (risks), including creation of production facilities and reserves, including state material reserve of products (commodities) necessary for ensuring the safety of the population. Activities for ensuring biological safety shall be as follows: (a) determination of the main directions of state policy and strategic planning in the field of biological safety; (b) forecasting, identifying, analyzing, assessing biological risks; (c) development and application of measures to identify, prevent and eliminate biological threats (risks), including those identified as a result of monitoring of biological risks, localization and neutralization of consequences of their occurrence; (d) application of special economic measures in order to ensure biological safety; (e) ensuring security of potentially hazardous biological sites; (f) development, production and implementation of new technologies and methods for activities using pathogens, as well as standardization of methods of their research; (g) organization of scientific research activities in the field of ensuring biological safety; (h) collection activities related to the use of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses; (i) coordination of activities of federal public authorities, public authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation (regions) and local government in ensuring biological safety; (j) information, analytical and expert support for the activities of federal executive agencies in ensuring biological safety; and (k) international cooperation for ensuring biological safety. To protect the population and protect the environment from the effects of hazardous biological factors and to prevent biological threats (hazards), a set of measures is carried out: preventing and overcoming antimicrobial resistance.