Displaying 106 - 120 of 227507

Constitution de Luxembourg.

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Constitution
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Notes
La version française est actualisée à la révision de 2016. La version anglaise est actualisée à la révision de 2009.
Repealed
No
Source language

French

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

John Rylands and Jehu Horrocks v Thomas Fletcher

Date of text
17 Jul 1868
Seat of court
London
Original language

English

Type of text
National - higher court
Reference number
[1868] UKHL 1
Court name
House of Lords
Justice(s)
Cairns L.C., Cranworth
Sources
InforMEA
Data source
Judicial Portal

In this case, the defendant is the owner of a land who decided to employ a contractor to build an irrigation reservoir on its lands. The contractor discovered several old coal shafts that were improperly filled with mining debris but ignored them and finished the construction work. But once the reservoir was filled with water for the first time it broke and flooded the neighbouring mines through the old coal shafts. The owner of the mine sued the defendant asking for damages for nuisances.

The court of first instance judged that the defendant was not liable for the damages because it was resulting from a negligence of the contractor. The Court of Exchequer Chamber (Court of Appeal) overturned this decision and for the first time considered that the defendant was liable for negligence through the tort of chattel trepass and the tort of nuisance, affirming for the first time a right to compensation for environmental damages.

The defendant sough an appeal in front of the House of Lords. The judges of the House of Lords agreed with the decision of the Court of Exchequer and considered that the defendant was liable for the escape of the water and the damage it did to the mine. However, the House of Lords limited the scope of this new liability to cases where the land had been modified in a way which would be considered non-natural, unusual or inappropriate.

Original ID
2535

Arrêté du 12 mars 1869 relatif à la dispense des médicaments pour le traitement du bétail

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Regulation
Keywords
Abstract
Le présent arrêté concerne la dispense des médicaments pour le traitement du bétail. Les médicaments servant au traitement des animaux malades et dont la prescription a été faite par un artiste vétérinaire, seront débités avec un rabais de trente pour cent sur les prix de la taxe légale. Les dispositions de l’arrêté ministériel du 13 mars 1866 (Mém. 1ere partie, page 175) ne s’appliquent pas aux vétérinaires qui habitent une localité où il y a une pharmacie.
Date of text
Repealed
No
Serial Imprint
Mémorial : A6 Publication : 25/03/1869
Source language

French

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Sea Fisheries Act, 1868 Order in Council.

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Type of law
Regulation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Abstract
This Order applies selected provisions of the Sea Fisheries Act, 1868 to Jersey. The Act carries into effect a Convention between the United Kingdom and France concerning fisheries in the seas adjoining the British Islands and France and amends the Laws relating to British sea fisheries. The provisions of the Act that apply to Jersey concern, among other things: (a) in relation with the Convention, official papers that a sea-fishing boat, within the exclusive fishery limits of the British Islands and of every British sea-fishing boat outside of those limits, shall have on board; (b) in relation with oyster fisheries, the recovery of penalties, jurisdiction and legal proceedings; (c) the power of Her Majesty to provide, by Order in Council, for exemption from any taxes or other dues of any foreign sea-fishing boats entering British ports due to bad weather.
Notes
Revised edition of Jersey Order in Council 1/1869 as at 31 August 2004 (Chapter 14.700).
Repealed
No
Serial Imprint
Jersey Revised Edition of the Laws.
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Expropriation Law of the Canton of Schwyz.

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Abstract
The present Law lays down provisions relating to land expropriation in the Canton of Schwyz. In particular, article 1 establishes that every land owner has the duty to cede to the Canton or local authorities land, buildings and trees if the need arises for the following purposes: the remaking and enlargement of new streets; the remaking of river banks and brooks; for the building of new churches; the exploitation of material used for building of streets; the erection of new water conducts and fountains. The text consists of 15 articles.
Date of text
Repealed
Yes
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Original title
Expropriationsgesetz des Kantons Schwyz.
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)
Repealed by

German Criminal Code.

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Abstract
The German Criminal Code refers to incur of penalty under the conditions that a criminal liability was established.The Code consists of 30 Chapters and 358 sections. Part of the the penalty and any incidental legal consequences are determined by the law which is in force at the time of the act. This Code applies to offences committed on German territory, ship or an aircraft which is entitled to fly the federal flag or to carry the national insignia of the Federal Republic of Germany. Section 5 verifies the offences committed abroad with specific domestic connection which will be considered subject to this Code. The Code verifies criminal liability based on age, mental health, time and place of act. The law verifies imprisonment, penalties, probation and confiscation of the products, value of the products and means and materials as consequences of incur of offences.
Chapter 16 of the Code refers to offences against life that cover various threat and actions against life of human beings and abortion, offences against female and human traffic. The Code provides for criminal liability for forced labour and exploitation of labour. The Code provides for penalty of imprisonment for the fish poaching and carriage of prohibited goods by endangering ships, motor vehicles and aircraft. Taking bribes in commercial activity and healthcare sectors are prohibited. Chapter 28 of the Code refers to offences constituting public danger including set fire to destroy in whole or in part forests, agriculture, food or forestry facilities and products. Causing fire hazard and nuclear exploitation, misuse of ionising radiation, preparing radiation offence, causing flooding, dangerous interference with and endangering rail, ship and aircraft, watercraft, road traffic, attack on air and maritime traffic are also identified as actions of constituting public danger. Chapter 29 of the Code refers to offences against environment that include water, soil and air pollution, causing noise, vibrations and non-ionising radiation, unauthorised waste management and handling of radioactive substances, endangering protected areas, causing sever danger by releasing poison and intentional serious offences against environment. The Code provides for provision on damaging animals or plants of significant value belonging to another, exposes the property, body of water, air, soil, animals or plants to ionising radiation which is capable of causing impairments, alterations or damage.
Further provisions are enacted for causing public danger by poisons or release substances which are harmful to health into the water in contained springs, wells, pipes or drinking water storage facilities. Disruption of public services such as damaging to a facility which serves the public supply of water, light, heat or power are regulated under the Code. The Code further provides for destruction of important work equipment and penalise actions of whoever unlawfully destroy in whole or in part technical equipment belonging to another or an enterprise or a facility which serves the operation on waste disposal. Section 326 describes unauthorised waste management that include operation by whoever who is not authorised, or conduct it outside a facility or in substantial deviation from the prescribed or authorised procedure, or any unauthorised action for collection, ships, treats, utilise, stores, deposits and discharges of the waste and hazardous waste materials. Section 306f of the Code refers to causing fire hazard by smoking, using an open fire or light or throwing away burning objects that causes a risk of fire in another person's agricultural or food facilities, or operations in which their products are stored, forests, heaths or cultivated fields. Section 324a refers to soil pollution and itemise the actions in breach of duties under the administrative law that regulate releases of substances into the soil, default of which shall cause damage to the health of another, animals, plants or other property of significant value or a body of water, the air or soil. The Code further provides provisions on serious crimes involving nuclear energy, explosives and radiation such as instructing another person or receiving instruction in the production or the use of firearms, nuclear fission materials or other radioactive substances. Under Section 307 causing nuclear explosion and endangering the life or limb of another person or property of significant value is penalised. The Code further provides for preparing explosion, radiation offences and causing nuclear fission processes and faulty construction of nuclear facility. Section 329 of the Code provides for protection of areas that require special protection against harmful environmental impacts such as air pollution or noise. Any damage or removes of plants of a specially species, or damage to the habitat of a species in the protected areas such as nature conservation area or a national park are prohibited and subject to imprisonment.
Notes
Consolidated version of the Criminal Code in the version published on 14 September 2021. The English version contains the provisions as last amended by Article 2 of the Act of 19 June 2019 (Federal Law Gazette I, p. 844).
Repealed
No
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Original title
Strafgesetzbuch - StGB.
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Cattle-Trespass Act, 1871 (Act No. I of 1871).

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Abstract
The Act ratifies provisions in case of cattle trespass. Landowners may seize any cattle trespassing and damaging the crops or any other products on their land, and also any individual in charge of public roads, plantations, canals as per section 11 and send them to the nearest cattle pen in twenty four hours. Pig owners or keepers allowing them to trespass and damage goods or crops shall be fined too.
Long title of text
An Act to consolidate and amend the Law relating to trespass by Cattle.
Notes
Consolidated version of the Cattle-Trespass Act, 1871 (Act No. I of 1871) as last amended by the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).
Repealed
No
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Cattle-Trespass Act, 1871.

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Abstract
This Act makes provisions for the establishment of pounds and for the impounding on of trespassing cattle. The Act consists of 8 Chapters divided into 31 sections.
Pounds shall be established and controlled by the Magistrate of the District subject to the control of the Provincial Government, who shall appoint a pound keeper (Chapter II). It shall be lawful for the proprietor or person in charge of an estate to capture trespassing cattle and to send it to the village pound (sect. 10). Cattle trespassing and damaging public roads, canals and embankments may also be impounded (sect. 11). Poundage fees shall be paid by the owner of the impounded cattle (sect. 13). Procedures for cattle not claimed within a week and for cattle whose owner refuses to pay the fines are set out in sections 14-16. Chapter V deals with complaints of illegal seizure or detention. Penalty provisions are set out in Chapter VI. For the purposes of this Act "cattle" shall mean any animal of equine, bovine, asinine, porcine, ovine, etc. breed (sect. 3).
Long title of text
An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to Trespasses by Cattle.
Repealed
No
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Cattle Trespass Act, 1871 (Act No. 1 of 1871).

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Abstract
This Act prevents cattle trespassing public roads or any cultivated land in order to avoid damage by sending the animals to the pound.
The Act provides for the establishment of pounds which shall be under the control of the Magistrate of the District who shall also be in charge of fixing rates of charge for feeding and watering impounded cattle.
The Act further provides for the following: procedures when owners claim the cattle and pay the fines and charges; procedures for cattle which is not claimed; disposal of fines; complaints of illegal seizures or detention; penalties; etc.
Long title of text
An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to trespasses by cattle.
Notes
Consolidated version of Act No. 1 of 1871 as amended last by Act No. 1 of 1938.
Repealed
No
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Foreshores Act, 1872 (Chapter 113) (Act No. 8 of 1872).

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Abstract
The Act prohibits the construction of sea and river walls and buildings on banks of any port, river or channel except in accordance with plans and specifications approved by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. Provisions are detailed on the maritime domain of the State of Singapore, dealing with land reclamation and construction works.
Long title of text
An Act to provide for reclamations and to validate and facilitate leases or grants of foreshores and submerged lands.
Repealed
No
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Lands Clauses Act.

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Abstract
This Act shall apply to every undertaking authorized by any subsequent enactment (called “Special Statute”) which shall authorize the purchase or taking of lands for such undertaking and this Act shall be incorporated with such enactment. All the clauses and provisions of this Act, save so far as they shall be expressly varied or excepted by any such enactment, shall apply to the undertaking authorized thereby, so far as the same shall be applicable to such undertaking, and shall form part of such enactment, and be construed together therewith as forming one enactment. The clauses concern a variety of matters including: the purchase of land by agreement of promoters of an undertaking with the owners of the land; other taking of land by promoters of an undertaking and relative compensation to owners of land; dispute resolution; and compensation of tenants.
Notes
Consolidated version of Chapter 207 as authorized by L.N. 95/1997.
Repealed
No
Serial Imprint
Laws of Jamaica, pp. 1-57.
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Wills Act (Cap. 3.08).

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Abstract
This Act makes provision for matters of inheritance by will. It specifies the procedures and criteria for the making of a will and the effect of a valid will. A general devise of testator’s lands shall include leasehold as well as freehold lands.
Notes
Consolidated version of Act No. 3 of 1872 as at 1 January 2002 and as amended last by Act No. 8 of 1966.
Repealed
No
Serial Imprint
Chapter 3.08, 13 pp.
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Canal and Drainage Act, 1873 (Act VIII of 1873).

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Keywords
Abstract
This Act regulates irrigation, drainage and canal construction and maintenance waterworks. The Act consists of 11 Parts divided into 75 sections.
The Provincial Government shall be entitled to use and control, for public purposes, the water of all rivers and streams, and of all lakes, subsoil water or other natural collection of still water. Sections 14 and 15 empower Canal Officers acting under the orders of the Provincial Government to enter on any land and use the water for the purpose of any existing or projected canal or drainage-work. Such Officers may clear land, inspect and regulate water-supply, execute all works which may be necessary for the purpose of repairing or preventing accidents, and do all acts necessary for the proper prosecution of any enquiry relating to any existing or projected canal. Any person desiring to use the water of any canal may apply in writing to the Canal Officer as provided for in section 16. Section 20 provides for the supply of water from a canal through an existing water-course or change of source of water supply of any land. Sections 21-29 deal with the following matters: applications for the acquisition of land for construction works; application for the transfer of existing water courses; expenses to be paid by applicants; rules and conditions to be followed by the applicant. Part IV prescribes rules and conditions for the supply of canal water, mainly for purposes of irrigation. In the absence of a written contract, or so far as any such contract does not extend, every supply of canal-water shall be deemed to be given at the rates and subject to the conditions prescribed the rules to be made by the Provincial Government in respect thereof. Water charges and levies are provided for in Part V. Any vessel entering or navigating any canal contrary to the rules of this Act, may be removed or detained by the Divisional Canal Officer, and if any person causes the obstruction of any river, stream or drainage-channel the Government may order the removal or other modification of such obstruction (Part VI and VII). The remaining Parts contain provisions on obtaining labour for canal and drainage works and penalty provisions.
Notes
Consolidated version as amended last by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Ordinance No.III of 1985.
Repealed
No
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)

Fisheries Act.

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on
Country
Type of law
Legislation
Date of original text
Date of latest amendment
Abstract
The 60 sections of this Act are divided into 10 Parts: Preliminary (I); Administration (II); Fishing Licences (III); Registrations (IV); General Restrictions (V); Prohibited Methods of Fishing (VI); Miscellaneous (VII); Offences, Penalties and Forfeitures (VIII); Forms and Regulations (IX); Exemptions, Savings and Repeal (X).
Following are fishing licences which may be issued under this Act: Commercial fishing licence; fishing vessel licence; trout fishing licence; special fishing licence; aquarist trade fishing licence; licences prescribed by the Minister. Provisions of Part V deal with transfer of fish from one water to another (sect. 30), prohibition of the introduction of new species (sect. 32) and the diversion of water in which fish has been introduced (sect. 34). Regulation making powers of the Minister are specified in section 58.
Long title of text
An Act to provide for the regulation and control of fishing, and of the purchase, sale, marketing, processing, import and export of fish, to provide for the conservation of fish, etc.
Notes
Authorized edition of Act 16 of 1873
Repealed
Yes
Publication reference
Laws of Malawi (official publication), 25 pp.
Source language

English

Legislation Amendment
No
Data source (Enter the original data source for this record, if not present new item will be created)